儿童期虐待与欺负行为：青少年道德推脱与父亲道德推脱的作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.01.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究基于暴力循环假设和社会学习理论，探究了儿童期虐待影响青少年欺负行为的内在机制，考察了青少年道德推脱在两者关系中的中介作用及父亲道德推脱在此过程中的调节作用。采用短期纵向设计，以有效配对的423名青少年和423名父亲作为研究对象，结果表明：(1)T1的儿童期虐待显著正向预测T2的青少年欺负行为。(2)T1的父亲道德推脱显著正向影响T2的青少年道德推脱，两者之间存在明显的代际传递效应。(3)T2的青少年道德推脱在T1的儿童期虐待和T2的青少年欺负行为之间起部分中介作用。(4)T1的父亲道德推脱显著调节T1的儿童期虐待对T2的青少年道德推脱和T2的欺负行为的影响路径，但不能调节T2的青少年道德推脱与T2的欺负行为之间的关系。

关键词: 儿童期虐待, 青少年道德推脱, 欺负行为, 父亲道德推脱

Abstract:

Based on the cycle of violence hypothesis and social learning theory, this study explored the mechanisms underlying the influence of childhood maltreatment on adolescents’ bullying perpetration, and examined the mediating role of adolescents’ moral disengagement in such relation as well as the moderating role of fathers’ moral disengagement in this process. This study used a short-term longitudinal design with 423 adolescents and 423 fathers who were effectively matched as the study participants. The results showed that: 1) T1 childhood maltreatment positively predicted T2 adolescents’ bullying perpetration. 2) T1 fathers’ moral disengagement significantly and positively influenced T2 adolescents’ moral disengagement, and there was a significant intergenerational transmission effect between the two factors. 3) T2 adolescents’ moral disengagement partially mediated the relation between T1 childhood maltreatment and T2 adolescents’ bullying perpetration. 4) T1 fathers’ moral disengagement significantly moderated the pathways of influence of T1 childhood maltreatment on T2 moral disengagement and T2 bullying perpetration, but did not moderate the relation between T2 adolescents’ moral disengagement and T2 bullying perpetration.

Key words: childhood maltreatment, adolescents’ moral disengagement, bullying, fathers’ moral disengagement

中图分类号:

B849

王兴超, 田芳芳. 儿童期虐待与欺负行为：青少年道德推脱与父亲道德推脱的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(1): 108-115.

Xingchao WANG, Fangfang TIAN. Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescents’ Bullying: The Roles of Adolescents’ Moral Disengagement and Fathers’ Moral Disengagement[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(1): 108-115.

图/表 8

图1 假设模型

表1 各变量的描述统计与相关分析

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1. T1儿童期虐待	1.45	0.44
2. T2青少年道德推脱	1.83	0.58	0.24***
3. T2欺负行为	1.44	0.62	0.30***	0.31***
4. T1父亲道德推脱	1.65	0.61	0.18***	0.20***	0.11*
5. T1父母行为控制	3.35	0.80	−0.06	−0.12*	−0.10*	−0.03
6. 年龄	13.55	0.91	0.03	0.12*	0.11*	0.05	−0.13*

图2 青少年道德推脱的中介模型检验

表2 有调节的中介模型检验

预测变量	T2 青少年道德推脱		T2 欺负行为
预测变量	β	t	β	t
性别	−0.27	−2.90**	−0.23	−2.51*
年龄	0.07	1.47	0.05	1.12
T1父母行为控制	−0.10	−2.05*	−0.06	−1.24
T1儿童期虐待	0.14	2.77**	0.19	3.90***
T1父亲道德推脱	0.15	3.20**	0.01	0.02
T1儿童期虐待× T1父亲道德推脱	0.08	2.24*	0.11	2.67**
T2青少年道德推脱			0.22	4.44***
T2青少年道德推脱× T1父亲道德推脱			−0.05	−1.21
R²		0.130		0.186
F		10.31***		11.74***

图3 父亲道德推脱对儿童期虐待与青少年道德推脱之间关系的调节作用

图4 父亲道德推脱对儿童期虐待与青少年欺负行为之间关系的调节作用

图5 父亲道德推脱在儿童期虐待与青少年道德推脱之间的调节效应注：图中斜线表示T1的儿童期虐待在T1的父亲道德推脱不同水平下对T2的青少年道德推脱的预测；上下曲线分别表示T1的儿童期虐待对T2的青少年道德推脱的预测值的95%置信区间的上下界。

图6 父亲道德推脱在儿童期虐待与欺负行为之间的调节效应注：图中斜线表示T1的儿童期虐待在T1的父亲道德推脱不同水平下对T2的欺负行为的预测；上下曲线分别表示T1的儿童期虐待对T2的欺负行为的预测值的95%置信区间的上下界。

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