完美主义与中学生学业倦怠的纵向关系及自我宽容的中介作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察中学生完美主义、自我宽容和学业倦怠之间的关系，本研究使用问卷法对427名中学生进行了历时1学期的3次追踪测试(分别标记为T1、T2和T3)，采用交叉滞后分析和纵向中介分析考察了中学生不同类型完美主义和学业倦怠的关系以及自我宽容的中介作用。结果发现：(1)消极完美主义与学业倦怠存在相互正向预测作用；(2)T1消极完美主义可以负向预测T2自我宽容，T2自我宽容可以负向预测T3学业倦怠；(3)T2自我宽容在T1消极完美主义和T3学业倦怠之间起中介作用。结果表明，消极完美主义对中学生的学业倦怠存在着显著的影响，并且自我宽容在其中起中介作用。这些结果对有效干预中学生学业倦怠具有一定的实践意义。

关键词: 完美主义, 自我宽容, 学业倦怠, 中学生

Abstract:

To investigate the relationship between perfectionism, self-kindness, and academic burnout among middle school students, this study conducted three longitudinal surveys (labeled as T1, T2, and T3) over one semester among 427 middle school students using questionnaire methodology. Cross-lagged analysis and longitudinal mediation analysis were applied to explore the relationship between different types of perfectionism and academic burnout, as well as the mediating role of self-kindness. The results showed that: 1) negative perfectionism positively predicted academic burnout; 2) negative perfectionism at T1 negatively predicted self-kindness at T2, while self-kindness at T2 negatively predicted academic burnout at T3; 3) self-kindness at T2 played a mediating role between negative perfectionism at T1 and academic burnout at T3. The findings of this study indicate that negative perfectionism has a significant impact on academic burnout among middle school students, in which self-kindness serves as a mediator. These results have practical implications for effectively intervening in academic burnout among middle school students.

Key words: perfectionism, self-kindness, academic burnout, middle school student

杨卓, 贾榕, 林瑶, 张宝山, 毕研玲. 完美主义与中学生学业倦怠的纵向关系及自我宽容的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(3): 363-371.

Zhuo YANG, Rong JIA, Yao LIN, Baoshan ZHANG, Yanling BI. The Longitudinal Relationship Between Perfectionism and Academic Burnout Among Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Kindness[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(3): 363-371.

图/表 7

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	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1. T1消极完美主义	3.16	0.58
2. T3消极完美主义	3.28	0.57	0.57**
3. T1自我宽容	3.61	0.81	−0.29	−0.17**
4. T2自我宽容	3.44	0.92	−0.30**	−0.32**	0.29**
5. T3自我宽容	3.27	0.92	−0.25**	−0.40**	0.24**	0.38**
6. T1学业倦怠	2.63	0.68	0.25**	0.23**	−0.29**	−0.33**	−0.35**
7. T3学业倦怠	2.71	0.66	0.27**	0.42**	−0.20**	−0.35**	−0.40**	0.53**
8. T1积极完美主义	3.99	0.64	0.13**	0.04	0.08	0.12*	0.13**	−0.34**	−0.21**
9. T3积极完美主义	3.98	0.65	0.04	0.08	0.14*	0.11*	0.19**	−0.23**	−0.39**	0.42**

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1. T1消极完美主义	3.16	0.58
2. T3消极完美主义	3.28	0.57	0.57**
3. T1自我宽容	3.61	0.81	−0.29	−0.17**
4. T2自我宽容	3.44	0.92	−0.30**	−0.32**	0.29**
5. T3自我宽容	3.27	0.92	−0.25**	−0.40**	0.24**	0.38**
6. T1学业倦怠	2.63	0.68	0.25**	0.23**	−0.29**	−0.33**	−0.35**
7. T3学业倦怠	2.71	0.66	0.27**	0.42**	−0.20**	−0.35**	−0.40**	0.53**
8. T1积极完美主义	3.99	0.64	0.13**	0.04	0.08	0.12*	0.13**	−0.34**	−0.21**
9. T3积极完美主义	3.98	0.65	0.04	0.08	0.14*	0.11*	0.19**	−0.23**	−0.39**	0.42**

模型	χ²	df	TLI	CFI	RMSEA [95%CI]	SRMR	ΔRMSEA	ΔCFI
消极完美主义
形态等值	69.10	15	0.89	0.94	0.09 [0.07, 0.11]	0.06
单位等值	75.04	17	0.90	0.94	0.09 [0.07, 0.11]	0.07	−0.006	−0.004
尺度等值	129.20	21	0.84	0.88	0.11 [0.09, 0.13]	0.08	0.024	−0.055
误差方差等值	154.46	25	0.84	0.86	0.11 [0.09, 0.13]	0.08	0.000	−0.023
积极完美主义
形态等值	151.94	47	0.91	0.94	0.07 [0.06, 0.09]	0.05
单位等值	153.61	52	0.92	0.94	0.07 [0.06, 0.08]	0.05	−0.003	0.002
尺度等值	140.40	57	0.92	0.93	0.06 [0.05, 0.07]	0.05	−0.010	−0.009
误差方差等值	209.39	63	0.87	0.88	0.07 [0.06, 0.09]	0.07	0.015	−0.052
自我宽容
形态等值	19.86	15	0.98	0.99	0.03 [0.00, 0.06]	0.03
单位等值	22.11	19	0.99	0.99	0.02 [0.00, 0.05]	0.03	−0.008	0.003
尺度等值	34.92	23	0.97	0.98	0.04 [0.00, 0.06]	0.03	0.015	−0.013
误差方差等值	59.70	29	0.95	0.96	0.05 [0.03, 0.07]	0.05	0.015	−0.027
学业倦怠
形态等值	25.13	5	0.90	0.97	0.10 [0.06, 0.14]	0.05
单位等值(部分)	28.10	7	0.93	0.97	0.08 [0.05, 0.12]	0.05	−0.013	−0.001
尺度等值(部分)	59.99	8	0.84	0.92	0.12 [0.10, 0.15]	0.08	0.039	−0.050
误差方差等值(部分)	59.99	8	0.84	0.92	0.12 [0.10, 0.15]	0.08	0.000	0.000

模型	χ²	df	TLI	CFI	RMSEA [95%CI]	SRMR	ΔRMSEA	ΔCFI
消极完美主义
形态等值	69.10	15	0.89	0.94	0.09 [0.07, 0.11]	0.06
单位等值	75.04	17	0.90	0.94	0.09 [0.07, 0.11]	0.07	−0.006	−0.004
尺度等值	129.20	21	0.84	0.88	0.11 [0.09, 0.13]	0.08	0.024	−0.055
误差方差等值	154.46	25	0.84	0.86	0.11 [0.09, 0.13]	0.08	0.000	−0.023
积极完美主义
形态等值	151.94	47	0.91	0.94	0.07 [0.06, 0.09]	0.05
单位等值	153.61	52	0.92	0.94	0.07 [0.06, 0.08]	0.05	−0.003	0.002
尺度等值	140.40	57	0.92	0.93	0.06 [0.05, 0.07]	0.05	−0.010	−0.009
误差方差等值	209.39	63	0.87	0.88	0.07 [0.06, 0.09]	0.07	0.015	−0.052
自我宽容
形态等值	19.86	15	0.98	0.99	0.03 [0.00, 0.06]	0.03
单位等值	22.11	19	0.99	0.99	0.02 [0.00, 0.05]	0.03	−0.008	0.003
尺度等值	34.92	23	0.97	0.98	0.04 [0.00, 0.06]	0.03	0.015	−0.013
误差方差等值	59.70	29	0.95	0.96	0.05 [0.03, 0.07]	0.05	0.015	−0.027
学业倦怠
形态等值	25.13	5	0.90	0.97	0.10 [0.06, 0.14]	0.05
单位等值(部分)	28.10	7	0.93	0.97	0.08 [0.05, 0.12]	0.05	−0.013	−0.001
尺度等值(部分)	59.99	8	0.84	0.92	0.12 [0.10, 0.15]	0.08	0.039	−0.050
误差方差等值(部分)	59.99	8	0.84	0.92	0.12 [0.10, 0.15]	0.08	0.000	0.000

	CFI	GFI	RMSEA	SRMR	χ²	dƒ
M0(M0’)	0.81(0.90)	0.92(0.96)	0.18(0.12)	0.14(0.10)	139.09(66.05)	9(9)
M1(M1’)	0.92(0.91)	0.96(0.96)	0.14(0.13)	0.08(0.08)	65.81(57.70)	7(7)
M2(M2’)	0.97(0.99)	0.98(0.99)	0.09(0.02)	0.06(0.03)	30.98(8.78)	7(7)
M3(M3’)	1.00(1.00)	0.99(1.00)	0.01(0.01)	0.02(0.03)	5.22(7.98)	5(5)