汉语熟练阅读者阅读能力差异测验的编制

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研发信效度良好的汉语熟练阅读者阅读能力差异的测验工具，编制了汉语熟练阅读者拼写测验、词汇知识测验和阅读理解测验。系列分析的结果显示，拼写测验能够评估潜在的拼写能力，词汇知识测验能够衡量词汇知识水平的差异，保留三篇短文的阅读理解测验具有较好的信效度。结果表明，本研究编制的拼写、词汇知识和阅读理解测验能有效评估汉语熟练阅读者的阅读能力差异，可以为以后相关研究提供工具。

关键词: 拼写能力, 词汇知识, 阅读理解, 汉语熟练阅读者, 阅读能力差异

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to develop tests for assessing individual differences in reading abilities among proficient Chinese readers. The results showed that the reliability and validity of the tests met the rigorous standards set by psychometrics. Specifically, the spelling test effectively evaluated potential spelling abilities, the vocabulary knowledge test accurately measured differences in vocabulary levels, and the reading comprehension test demonstrated strong reliability and validity. In conclusion, the spelling, vocabulary, and reading comprehension tests developed in this study effectively assess individual differences in the reading abilities of proficient Chinese readers, which provides valuable tools for future research in this field.

Key words: spelling ability, vocabulary knowledge, reading comprehension, proficient Chinese reader, reading ability differences

熊建萍, 居萍, 陈慧慧, 张玉杰, 王青春. 汉语熟练阅读者阅读能力差异测验的编制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(4): 529-537.

Jianping XIONG, Ping JU, Huihui CHEN, Yujie ZHANG, Qingchun WANG. Development of an Assessment for Measuring Reading Ability Differences Among Proficient Chinese Readers[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(4): 529-537.

图/表 6

参考文献 0

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项目	平均值	标准差	h²	λ	r_pb	难度系数	加权值	正确率
仰赖	0.87	0.34	0.10	0.31	0.36	−2.12	0.38	0.87
侏儒	0.79	0.41	0.06	0.25	0.32	−1.46	0.36	0.79
体恤	0.87	0.34	0.15	0.38	0.42	−2.16	0.42	0.87
叨扰	0.75	0.43	0.16	0.41	0.45	−1.20	0.45	0.75
兆头	0.79	0.41	0.24	0.49	0.52	−1.44	0.50	0.79
卸载	0.69	0.46	0.16	0.40	0.44	−0.80	0.45	0.69
叵测	0.60	0.49	0.17	0.41	0.46	−0.28	0.46	0.60
化斋	0.70	0.46	0.32	0.57	0.61	−0.84	0.55	0.70
作揖	0.64	0.48	0.25	0.50	0.55	−0.53	0.51	0.64
囫囵	0.63	0.48	0.08	0.29	0.36	−0.44	0.39	0.63
坎肩	0.68	0.47	0.18	0.43	0.48	−0.73	0.47	0.68
下榻	0.51	0.50	0.41	0.64	0.64	0.25	0.59	0.51
力挫	0.61	0.49	0.23	0.48	0.52	−0.35	0.50	0.61
仵作	0.46	0.50	0.21	0.45	0.49	0.51	0.47	0.46
半酣	0.55	0.50	0.41	0.64	0.64	0.03	0.59	0.55
嗟叹	0.49	0.50	0.40	0.63	0.63	0.34	0.58	0.49
贬黜	0.39	0.49	0.17	0.41	0.46	0.90	0.44	0.39
铿然	0.36	0.48	0.52	0.72	0.70	1.13	0.61	0.36
宽宥	0.42	0.49	0.45	0.67	0.64	0.72	0.59	0.42
告罄	0.38	0.49	0.51	0.71	0.67	0.98	0.61	0.38
云翳	0.40	0.49	0.54	0.74	0.70	0.87	0.63	0.40
叱咤	0.54	0.50	0.05	0.23	0.30	0.04	0.35	0.54
墩布	0.42	0.49	0.47	0.69	0.67	0.74	0.60	0.42
挈领	0.30	0.46	0.37	0.61	0.61	1.47	0.53	0.30
业障	0.36	0.48	0.17	0.41	0.45	1.13	0.43	0.36
倜傥	0.37	0.48	0.17	0.41	0.46	1.04	0.43	0.37
俸禄	0.41	0.49	0.34	0.59	0.59	0.79	0.54	0.41
醍醐	0.21	0.41	0.12	0.34	0.40	2.19	0.35	0.21
剃度	0.57	0.50	0.25	0.50	0.55	−0.09	0.51	0.57
匡正	0.77	0.42	0.19	0.44	0.48	−1.35	0.47	0.77
兜风	0.66	0.47	0.26	0.51	0.55	−0.62	0.52	0.66
出殡	0.57	0.50	0.34	0.58	0.59	−0.11	0.56	0.57
井灌	0.32	0.47	0.19	0.44	0.46	1.37	0.44	0.32

项目	平均值	标准差	h²	λ	r_pb	难度系数	加权值	正确率
仰赖	0.87	0.34	0.10	0.31	0.36	−2.12	0.38	0.87
侏儒	0.79	0.41	0.06	0.25	0.32	−1.46	0.36	0.79
体恤	0.87	0.34	0.15	0.38	0.42	−2.16	0.42	0.87
叨扰	0.75	0.43	0.16	0.41	0.45	−1.20	0.45	0.75
兆头	0.79	0.41	0.24	0.49	0.52	−1.44	0.50	0.79
卸载	0.69	0.46	0.16	0.40	0.44	−0.80	0.45	0.69
叵测	0.60	0.49	0.17	0.41	0.46	−0.28	0.46	0.60
化斋	0.70	0.46	0.32	0.57	0.61	−0.84	0.55	0.70
作揖	0.64	0.48	0.25	0.50	0.55	−0.53	0.51	0.64
囫囵	0.63	0.48	0.08	0.29	0.36	−0.44	0.39	0.63
坎肩	0.68	0.47	0.18	0.43	0.48	−0.73	0.47	0.68
下榻	0.51	0.50	0.41	0.64	0.64	0.25	0.59	0.51
力挫	0.61	0.49	0.23	0.48	0.52	−0.35	0.50	0.61
仵作	0.46	0.50	0.21	0.45	0.49	0.51	0.47	0.46
半酣	0.55	0.50	0.41	0.64	0.64	0.03	0.59	0.55
嗟叹	0.49	0.50	0.40	0.63	0.63	0.34	0.58	0.49
贬黜	0.39	0.49	0.17	0.41	0.46	0.90	0.44	0.39
铿然	0.36	0.48	0.52	0.72	0.70	1.13	0.61	0.36
宽宥	0.42	0.49	0.45	0.67	0.64	0.72	0.59	0.42
告罄	0.38	0.49	0.51	0.71	0.67	0.98	0.61	0.38
云翳	0.40	0.49	0.54	0.74	0.70	0.87	0.63	0.40
叱咤	0.54	0.50	0.05	0.23	0.30	0.04	0.35	0.54
墩布	0.42	0.49	0.47	0.69	0.67	0.74	0.60	0.42
挈领	0.30	0.46	0.37	0.61	0.61	1.47	0.53	0.30
业障	0.36	0.48	0.17	0.41	0.45	1.13	0.43	0.36
倜傥	0.37	0.48	0.17	0.41	0.46	1.04	0.43	0.37
俸禄	0.41	0.49	0.34	0.59	0.59	0.79	0.54	0.41
醍醐	0.21	0.41	0.12	0.34	0.40	2.19	0.35	0.21
剃度	0.57	0.50	0.25	0.50	0.55	−0.09	0.51	0.57
匡正	0.77	0.42	0.19	0.44	0.48	−1.35	0.47	0.77
兜风	0.66	0.47	0.26	0.51	0.55	−0.62	0.52	0.66
出殡	0.57	0.50	0.34	0.58	0.59	−0.11	0.56	0.57
井灌	0.32	0.47	0.19	0.44	0.46	1.37	0.44	0.32

项目	题型	平均值	标准差	h²	λ	r_pb	难度系数	加权值	正确率
1	词义理解	0.76	0.43	0.06	0.25	0.33	−0.66	0.36	0.76
3	词义理解	0.52	0.50	0.06	0.24	0.36	0.47	0.36	0.52
8	词义理解	0.34	0.48	0.04	0.19	0.31	1.29	0.30	0.34
10	词义理解	0.67	0.47	0.02	0.13	0.24	−0.18	0.30	0.67
11	词义理解	0.42	0.49	0.11	0.33	0.40	0.93	0.40	0.42
12	词义理解	0.62	0.49	0.12	0.34	0.39	0.05	0.42	0.62
13	词义理解	0.64	0.48	0.13	0.36	0.44	−0.04	0.43	0.64
14	词义理解	0.67	0.47	0.04	0.19	0.30	−0.18	0.34	0.67
15	词义理解	0.59	0.49	0.10	0.32	0.40	0.16	0.41	0.59
16	词义理解	0.65	0.48	0.04	0.19	0.29	−0.09	0.33	0.65
17	词义理解	0.70	0.46	0.14	0.38	0.42	−0.33	0.44	0.70
2	错别字辨析	0.61	0.49	0.03	0.19	0.31	0.07	0.33	0.61
4	错别字辨析	0.69	0.46	0.14	0.37	0.45	−0.28	0.44	0.69
7	错别字辨析	0.60	0.49	0.15	0.39	0.45	0.14	0.45	0.60
9	错别字辨析	0.78	0.42	0.17	0.41	0.46	−0.78	0.45	0.78
5	字音辨析	0.87	0.34	0.03	0.18	0.25	−1.44	0.31	0.87
6	字音辨析	0.43	0.50	0.06	0.25	0.35	0.88	0.35	0.43

项目	题型	平均值	标准差	h²	λ	r_pb	难度系数	加权值	正确率
1	词义理解	0.76	0.43	0.06	0.25	0.33	−0.66	0.36	0.76
3	词义理解	0.52	0.50	0.06	0.24	0.36	0.47	0.36	0.52
8	词义理解	0.34	0.48	0.04	0.19	0.31	1.29	0.30	0.34
10	词义理解	0.67	0.47	0.02	0.13	0.24	−0.18	0.30	0.67
11	词义理解	0.42	0.49	0.11	0.33	0.40	0.93	0.40	0.42
12	词义理解	0.62	0.49	0.12	0.34	0.39	0.05	0.42	0.62
13	词义理解	0.64	0.48	0.13	0.36	0.44	−0.04	0.43	0.64
14	词义理解	0.67	0.47	0.04	0.19	0.30	−0.18	0.34	0.67
15	词义理解	0.59	0.49	0.10	0.32	0.40	0.16	0.41	0.59
16	词义理解	0.65	0.48	0.04	0.19	0.29	−0.09	0.33	0.65
17	词义理解	0.70	0.46	0.14	0.38	0.42	−0.33	0.44	0.70
2	错别字辨析	0.61	0.49	0.03	0.19	0.31	0.07	0.33	0.61
4	错别字辨析	0.69	0.46	0.14	0.37	0.45	−0.28	0.44	0.69
7	错别字辨析	0.60	0.49	0.15	0.39	0.45	0.14	0.45	0.60
9	错别字辨析	0.78	0.42	0.17	0.41	0.46	−0.78	0.45	0.78
5	字音辨析	0.87	0.34	0.03	0.18	0.25	−1.44	0.31	0.87
6	字音辨析	0.43	0.50	0.06	0.25	0.35	0.88	0.35	0.43

项目	篇章	平均值	标准差	h²	λ	r_pb	难度系数	加权值	正确率
1	第一篇	0.62	0.49	0.04	0.21	0.33	−0.97	0.35	0.62
2		0.72	0.45	0.06	0.25	0.37	−1.60	0.37	0.72
3		0.64	0.48	0.08	0.28	0.42	−1.09	0.39	0.64
4		0.66	0.47	0.23	0.48	0.58	−1.21	0.51	0.66
5	第二篇	0.40	0.49	0.03	0.18	0.32	0.14	0.31	0.40
6		0.55	0.50	0.19	0.44	0.57	−0.60	0.48	0.55
7		0.42	0.49	0.13	0.37	0.49	0.03	0.42	0.42
8		0.31	0.46	0.08	0.28	0.41	0.62	0.35	0.31
9		0.50	0.50	0.22	0.47	0.58	−0.37	0.49	0.50
10	第三篇	0.47	0.50	0.45	0.67	0.65	−0.19	0.60	0.47
11		0.26	0.44	0.30	0.55	0.53	0.92	0.49	0.26
12		0.29	0.45	0.34	0.59	0.55	0.74	0.51	0.29
13		0.23	0.42	0.24	0.49	0.46	1.10	0.44	0.23
14		0.21	0.41	0.23	0.48	0.45	1.26	0.43	0.21
15		0.21	0.41	0.30	0.55	0.53	1.22	0.47	0.21