时间空间隐喻在汉语动词语义加工中的作用

心理与行为研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 744-750.

时间空间隐喻在汉语动词语义加工中的作用

汪新筱¹, 张积家¹, 王悦²

1 中国人民大学心理学系,北京 100872;
2 郑州大学教育科学学院,郑州 450001

收稿日期:2014-03-22 出版日期:2015-11-20 发布日期:2015-12-24
通讯作者: 张积家,E-mail: Zhangjj1955@163.com。
基金资助:
中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助）项目（14XNLQ05）

The Effect of Time Metaphor on Semantic Processing of Chinese Verbs

Wang Xinxiao¹, Zhang Jijia¹, Wang Yue²

1 Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;
2 School of Educational Science,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001

Received:2014-03-22 Online:2015-11-20 Published:2015-12-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过2个实验,考察时间空间隐喻在汉语动词语义加工中的作用。实验1表明,在动词隐含延续时间判断任务中,当动词隐含延续时间的长度（“长-短”）与字词呈现的空间长度（“宽-窄”）不一致时,被试的反应慢,表明语义加工受到了干扰;实验2采取词性判断任务,发现隐含延续时间长的动词的加工时间更长,动词隐含延续时间的长度与字词呈现的空间长度不一致时,被试的加工变慢。整个研究表明,动词的隐含延续时间基于被试的知识经验和水平空间长度来表征,支持弱势的隐喻表征观。

关键词: 动词, 隐含延续时间, 时间空间隐喻。

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate relationships between time metaphor and duration of verbs. Since Chinese speakers regard time as a flowing river, horizontal length rather than vertical height was chosen as the spatial factor that affects verb duration. Words used as stimulus were horizontally contracted or stretched(80% or 200%). In experiment 1, verbs were displayed in pairs on the left and right of the screen respectively. Participants were instructed to judge which verb took longer time to complete. The results showed that semantic processing was inhibited in the duration-length inconsistent condition rather than duration-length consistent condition. In experiment 2, participants were asked to judge whether the word displayed in the center of the screen was a verb or not. Again response to duration-length consistent condition was faster and more precise than inconsistent condition. Besides, experiment 2 showed verbs with longer duration took longer time to process. In conclusion, the results indicated that the information of length and life experience can be activated when processing verbs. The representation of verb duration is grounded in both time metaphor and knowledge.

Key words: verb, duration, concept metaphor theory.

汪新筱, 张积家, 王悦. 时间空间隐喻在汉语动词语义加工中的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(6): 744-750.

Wang Xinxiao, Zhang Jijia, Wang Yue. The Effect of Time Metaphor on Semantic Processing of Chinese Verbs[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(6): 744-750.

参考文献

1 陈栩茜, 张积家.(2011). 时间隐喻在汉语时间量词语义加工中的作用. 心理学报, 43, 863-877.
2 蓝纯.(1999). 从认知角度看汉语的空间隐喻. 外语教学与研究,(4), 7-15.
3 刘丹青.(2010). 汉语是一种动词型语言——试说动词型语言和名词型语言的类型差异. 世界汉语教学,(1), 3-17.
4 刘丽虹, 张积家.(2009). 时间的空间隐喻对汉语母语者时间认知的影响. 外语教学与研究,(4), 266-271.
5 鲁忠义, 高志华, 段晓丽, 刘学华.(2007). 语言理解的体验观. 心理科学进展, 15, 275-281.
6 吕叔湘.(1980). 现代汉语八百词. 北京: 商务印书馆.
7 沈家煊.(1995). “有界”与“无界”. 中国语文,(5), 367-380.
8 沈家煊.(2010). 从“演员是个动词”说起——“名词动用”和“动词名用”的不对称. 当代修辞学,(1), 1-12.
9 王冬梅.(2004). 动词转指名词的类型及相关解释. 汉语学习,(4), 5-11.
10 张积家, 谢书书, 和秀梅.(2008). 语言和文化对空间认知的影响. 心理学报, 40, 774-787.
11 张捷, 曾翠萍.(2007). 从认知语言学的角度看英汉有关时间的隐喻表达. 湘潭师范学院学报(社会科学版), (4), 108-110.
12 Barsalou, L. W.(2009). Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 1281-1289.
13 Barsalou, L. W., Simmons, W. K., Barbey, A. K., & Wilson, C. D.(2003). Grounding conceptual knowledge in modality-specific systems. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 84-91.
14 Boroditsky, L.(2001). Does language shape thought? Mandarin and English speakers' conceptions of time. Cognitive Psychology, 43, 1-22.
15 Boulenger, V., Mechtouff, L., Thobois, S., Broussolle, E., Jeannerod, M., & Nazir, T. A.(2008). Word processing in Parkinson's disease is impaired for action verbs but not for concrete nouns. Neuropsychologia, 46, 743-756.
16 Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L.(2008). Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106, 579-593.
17 Coll-Florita, M., & Gennari, S. P.(2011). Time in language: Event duration in language comprehension. Cognitive Psychology, 62, 41-79.
18 Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M.(1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
19 Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M.(1999). Philosophy in the flesh. University of Chicago Press.
20 Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M.(2003). “Afterword”. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press.
21 Louwerse, M. M., & Jeuniaux, P.(2010). The linguistic and embodied nature of conceptual processing. Cognition, 114, 96-104.
22 Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A.(2005). The orchestration of the sensory-motor systems: Clues from neuropsychology. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 480-494.
23 Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A.(2008). A critical look at the embodied cognition hypothesis and a new proposal for grounding conceptual content. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 102, 59-70.
24 Negri, G. A. L., Rumiati, R., Zadini, A., Ukmar, M., Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A.(2007). What is the role of motor simulation in action and object recognition? Evidence from apraxia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24, 795-816.
25 Simpson, G. B.(1984). Lexical ambiguity and its role in models of word recognition. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 316-340.
26 Simpson, G. B.(1994). Context and the processing of ambiguous words. In M. A. Gernsbacher(Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics(Vol. Xxii), CA, USA: Academic Press.
27 Z?覿ch, P., & Brugger, P.(2008). Subjective time in near and far representational space. Cognitive and Behavior Neurology, 21, 8-13.
28 Zwaan, R. A.(2008). Time in language, situation models, and mental simulations. Language Learning, 58(Suppl1), 13-26.
29 Zwaan, R. A., & Taylor L. J.(2006). Seeing, acting, understanding: Motor resonance in language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 1-11.

[1]	王娟, 张积家, 许锦宇. 语义透明度和构词频率对汉语动词多词素词识别的影响^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(6): 769-774.
[2]	史瑞萍,白学军,李莉. 语境和动词信息对主题角色指派的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2005, 3(3): 205-209.