记忆刷新影响数困儿童的算术策略运用：来自年龄/智力匹配设计的证据

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用有选/无选法和活动记忆范式相结合的方式,考察了记忆刷新对数学困难儿童算术策略运用的潜在影响,并探讨其策略运用是发展延迟亦或存在能力缺陷。20名六年级数学困难组儿童、24名六年级年龄匹配组儿童和19名五年级智力匹配组儿童参加研究。结果发现：（1）记忆刷新显著影响数困个体的策略执行。数困儿童在记忆刷新条件下策略执行正确率降低,反应时延长。（2）记忆刷新对个体的策略选择有显著影响。数困儿童在记忆刷新条件下策略选择反应时延长;（3）记忆刷新功能不影响个体的策略选择适应性,数困儿童在记忆刷新条件下策略选择适应性没有明显下降;（4）数困儿童与同龄儿童在策略运用上的差异由与算术有关的资源分配能力、工作记忆能力及对数字的估计比较能力上的缺陷造成。

关键词: 策略运用, 策略选择适应性, 数学困难, 记忆刷新。

Abstract: Use the chioce/no-chioce methodand the running memory paradigm, we explored the effect of memory updating on strategy use in arithmetic estimation of children with mathematical disabilities(MD)and whether their strategy use is delayed or defected. 20 sixth graders with MD, 24 normal achievers in sixth grade and 19 intelligence-matched achievers in fifth grade were chosen to be tested. The results showed that: 1)Memory updating significantly influenced strategy execution of MD children. Compared with normal groups, MD children reacted more slowly and made more mistakes in the condition of updating. 2)Memory updating significantly influenced individuals' strategy choice. MD children′s RT was longer in the condition of updating. 3)Individuals′ adaptivity in strategy selection was not affected by memory updating. MD children′s performances were not obviously decreased in updating condition. 4)The differences between MD children and normal achievers in sixth grade resulted from the defect of the allocation of resource capacity related to arithmetic, working memory and the ability of estimation.

Key words: strategy use, strategy selection adaptivity, mathematical disability, memory updating.

吕娜, 杨静, 华晓腾, 司继伟, 王翔艳. 记忆刷新影响数困儿童的算术策略运用：来自年龄/智力匹配设计的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(6): 784-793.

Lv Na, Yang jing, Hua Xiaoteng, Si Jiwei, Wang Xiangyan. Memory Updating Affects MD Children′s Arithmetic Strategy Use: Evidences from the Chronological Age/Intelligence-matched Design[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(6): 784-793.

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