自上而下任务定势影响基于关系的注意捕获

心理与行为研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 727-733.

自上而下任务定势影响基于关系的注意捕获

张嘉卉¹, 梁丽美¹, 刘强¹, 李永芬¹, 张忠炉¹, 贾江晓¹, 张文海², 李红¹

1. 辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心, 大连 116029;
2. 成都大学教育科学研究院, 成都 610031

收稿日期:2016-07-05 出版日期:2017-11-20 发布日期:2017-12-28
通讯作者: 李红,E-mail:lihongwrm@vip.sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（31470997）

The Effect of Top-down Attentional Control Setting on Attentional Capture About Target-Nontarget Relations

ZHANG Jiahui¹, LIANG Limei¹, LIU Qiang¹, LI Yongfen¹, ZHANG Zhonglu¹, JIA Jiangxiao¹, ZHANG Wenhai², LI Hong¹

1. Brain And Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029;
2. Chengdu Research Institude of Education Science, Chengdu 610031

Received:2016-07-05 Online:2017-11-20 Published:2017-12-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用空间线索化范式，考察在有无任务定势的强化下对涉及关系信息的注意捕获的影响。实验一在线索呈现和目标呈现中分别设置线索颜色关系和靶刺激颜色关系，要求被试在二者关系一致与否两种情况下对目标呈现中颜色奇异的靶刺激进行辨别。实验二在原有的颜色关系的基础上，要求被试忽略目标呈现中某一颜色关系条件下的靶刺激，限定只对另一颜色关系下的目标呈现进行任务反应。实验一结果显示无论颜色关系一致与否，颜色奇异项都优先捕获注意，注意捕获以自动化的形式呈现。实验二结果表明注意会选择性的指向与线索呈现中颜色关系相同的靶刺激而非单纯地捕获奇异颜色项。注意捕获可以基于“关系”模式而非具体的特征。总的来说，基于关系信息的注意捕获只有在建立很强的自上而下注意控制定势的条件下才能产生。

关键词: 注意捕获, 相倚注意捕获, 注意控制定势, 认知加工

Abstract: We explored attentional capture about target-nontarget relation using spatial-cuing paradigm. In Experiment 1, we explored whether attentional capture was depended on whether a cue-cue context color relations match the target-nontarget relations or not. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to neglect specific color relation , only to differentiate odd colored target letter of the other color relation. Under such circumstance, the participants can establish relatively strong attentional control setting for purpose of expanding the possibility to focus on the color relations.The results reflected the difference in generalized top-down tuning, with target discrimination guided by a singleton search mode in Experiment 1, and tuned by a attentional control setting in Experiment 2. These demonstrated that it can capture attention only when cue-cue context relations match the target-nontarget relations , a cue with the target-nontarget match can fail to capture attention when the cue-cue context relations do not match the target-nontarget relations, whereas a cue with the nontarget color can capture attention when its relations match the target-nontarget relations. It was concluded that top-down modulation of attentional control setting have great influence on attentional capture. Only when strong attentional control setting established, attention capture depends on relations instead of particular feature values.

Key words: attentional capture, contingent capture, attentional control setting, cognitive processes

中图分类号:

B842

张嘉卉, 梁丽美, 刘强, 李永芬, 张忠炉, 贾江晓, 张文海, 李红. 自上而下任务定势影响基于关系的注意捕获[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(6): 727-733.

ZHANG Jiahui, LIANG Limei, LIU Qiang, LI Yongfen, ZHANG Zhonglu, JIA Jiangxiao, ZHANG Wenhai, LI Hong. The Effect of Top-down Attentional Control Setting on Attentional Capture About Target-Nontarget Relations[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(6): 727-733.

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