现实-理想自我差异对青少年游戏成瘾的影响：化身认同和沉浸感的序列中介作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于自我差异理论，在现实-理想自我差异和游戏化身认同的视角下，采用问卷法对421名初中生进行调查，探讨了现实-理想自我差异（AISD）对青少年游戏成瘾的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：（1）现实-理想自我差异与化身认同、沉浸感和游戏成瘾均呈显著正相关；（2）现实-理想自我差异对化身认同和游戏成瘾均有显著的正向预测作用；（3）现实-理想自我差异不仅可以通过化身认同的单独中介作用，还能通过化身认同和沉浸感的序列中介作用对游戏成瘾产生影响。本研究结果表明，游戏化身在成瘾者的自我概念中有重要作用。这些发现为青少年游戏成瘾的干预和治疗提供了一个新视角，可通过分析成瘾者对游戏化身的认同，了解其现实和理想自我的特征，并改善其对现实自我的接纳和认同，从而预防和控制游戏成瘾。

关键词: 现实-理想自我差异, 化身认同, 沉浸感, 游戏成瘾, 青少年

Abstract: Based on self-discrepancy theory and the previous researches, a survey was conducted on 421 adolescents, and a serial mediation model was constructed to analyze the mediating effects of avatar identification and flow experience in the association between actual-ideal self-discrepancy (AISD) and game addiction. Results showed that:1) AISD was significantly correlated with avatar identification, flow experience and game addiction. 2) AISD could positively predict game addiction and avatar identification directly. 3) AISD could affect game addiction through the mediation of avatar identification as well as the serial mediation of avatar identification and flow experience. This study uncovered the mechanism underlying the relationship between AISD and game addiction. Our results may also provide new treatment approaches aiming at the improvement of self-acceptance and self-identity in order to help addicts to find their own way in the real world.

Key words: actual-ideal self-discrepancy (AISD), avatar identification, flow experience, game addiction, adolescents

中图分类号:

B849

衡书鹏, 周宗奎, 雷玉菊, 牛更枫. 现实-理想自我差异对青少年游戏成瘾的影响：化身认同和沉浸感的序列中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(2): 253-260.

HENG Shupeng, ZHOU Zongkui, LEI Yuju, NIU Gengfeng. The Impact of Actual-Ideal Self-Discrepancies on Adolescents' Game Addiction: The Serial Mediation of Avatar Identification and Flow Experience[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(2): 253-260.

参考文献

杜健, 祖雅桐. (2015). 试论我国青少年"理想-现实"自我差异量表的编制. 东疆学刊, 32(2), 53-59.
牛更枫, 孙晓军, 周宗奎, 孔繁昌, 田媛. (2016). 基于QQ空间的社交网站使用对青少年抑郁的影响:上行社会比较和自尊的序列中介作用. 心理学报, 48(10), 1282-1291.
魏华, 周宗奎, 田媛, 丁倩, 熊婕. (2016). 网络游戏成瘾:竞争、合作体验与沉醉感的影响. 心理与行为研究, 14(2), 264-269.
温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 中介效应分析:方法和模型发展. 心理科学进展, 22(5), 731-745.
张红霞, 谢毅. (2008). 动机过程对青少年网络游戏行为意向的影响模型. 心理学报, 40(12), 1275-1286.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
周治金, 杨文娇. (2006). 大学生网络成瘾类型问卷的初步编制. 中国心理卫生杂志, 20(11), 754-757.
祖雅桐, 杜健. (2016). 青少年自我效能感对现实-理想自我差异与抑郁间关系的调节效应. 心理与行为研究, 14(3), 360-366.
Bessière, K., Seay, A. F., & Kiesler, S. (2007). The ideal elf:Identity exploration in World of Warcraft. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 530-535.
Brown, I. (1997). A theoretical model of the behavioural addictions-applied to offending. In:J. E. Hodge, M. McMurran, & C. R. Hollin (Eds.), Addicted to crime? (pp. 13-65). Chichester, UK:John Wiley.
Choi, D., & Kim, J. (2004). Why people continue to play online games:In search of critical design factors to increase customer loyalty to online contents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(1), 11-24.
Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification:A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication and Society, 4(3), 245-264.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., Abuhamdeh, S., & Nakamura, N. (2005). Flow. In A. J. Elliot, C. S. Dweck, & M. V. Covington (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 598-608). New York:Guilford Press.
Dieter, J., Hill, H., Sell, M., Reinhard, I., Vollstädt-Klein, S., Kiefer, F., … Leménager, T. (2015). Avatar's neurobiological traces in the self-concept of massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Addicts. Behavioral Neuroscience, 129(1), 8-17.
Dunn, R. A., & Guadagno, R. E. (2012). My avatar and me:Gender and personality predictors of avatar-self discrepancy. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), 97-106.
Ganesh, S., van Schie, H. T., de Lange, F. P., Thompson, E., & Wigboldus, D. H. (2012). How the human brain goes virtual:Distinct cortical regions of the person-processing network are involved in self-identification with virtual agents. Cerebral Cortex, 22(7), 1577-1585.
Griffiths, M. D., Davies, M. N. O., & Chappell, D. (2004). Demographic factors and playing variables in online computer gaming. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 479-487.
Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS:A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-Discrepancy:A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319-340.
Hsu, S. H., Kao, C. H., & Wu, M. C. (2007). Factors influencing player preferences for heroic roles in role playing games. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 293-295.
Hsu, S. H., Wen, M. H., & Wu, M. C. (2009). Exploring user experiences as predictors of MMORPG addiction. Computers & Education, 53, 990-999.
Jennett, C., Cox, A. L., Cairns, P., Dhoparee, S., Epps, A., Tijs, T., & Walton, A. (2008). Measuring and defining the experience of immersion in games. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(9), 641-661.
Jin, S. A. A. (2012). "Toward integrative models of flow":Effects of performance, skill, challenge, playfulness, and presence on flow in video games. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(2), 169-186.
Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2003). Stability and variability in the self-concept and self-esteem. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 106-127). New York:The Guilford Press.
Kim, H. K., & Davis, K. E. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use:Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 490-500.
King, D., & Delfabbro, P. (2009). Understanding and assisting excessive players of video games:A community psychology perspective. The Australian Community Psychologist, 21(1), 62-74.
Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., & Vorderer, P. (2009). The video game experience as "true" identification:A theory of enjoyable alterations of players' self-perception. Communication Theory, 19(4), 351-373.
Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., Vorderer, P., Roth, C., & Blake, C. (2010). Identification with video game characters as automatic shift of self-perceptions. Media Psychology, 13(4), 323-338.
Kwon, J. H., Chung, C. S., & Lee, J. (2011). The effects of escape from self and interpersonal relationship on the pathological use of internet games. Community Mental Health Journal, 47(1), 113-121.
Leménager, T., Gwodz, A., Richter, A., Reinhard, I., Kämmerer, N., Sell, M., & Mann, K. (2013). Self-concept deficits in massively multiplayer online role-playing games addiction. European Addiction Research, 19, 227-234.
Leménager, T., Dieter, J., Hill, H., Koopmann, A., Reinhard, I., Sell, M.,... Mann, K. (2014). Neurobiological correlates of physical self-concept and self-identification with avatars in addicted players of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). Addictive Behaviors, 39, 1789-1797.
Li, D. D., Liau, A., & Khoo, A. (2011). Examining the influence of actual-ideal self-discrepancies, depression, and escapism, on pathological gaming among massively multiplayer online adolescent gamers. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14(9), 535-539.
Peña, J., Hancock, J. T., & Merola, N. A. (2009). The priming effects of avatars in virtual settings. Communication Research, 36(6), 838-856.
Sawdon, A. M., Cooper, M., & Seabrook, R. (2007). The relationship between self-discrepancies, eating disorder and depressive symptoms in women. European Eating Disorders Review, 15, 207-212.
Sherry, J. L. (2004). Flow and media enjoyment. Communication Theory, 14(4), 328-347.
Smahel, D., Blinka, L., & Ledabyl, O. (2008). Playing MMORPGs:Connections between addiction and identifying with a character. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 715-718.
Soutter, A. R. B., & Hitchens, M. (2016). The relationship between character identification and flow state within video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1030-1038.
Thatcher, A., Wretschko, G., & Fridjhon, P. (2008). Online flow experiences, problematic Internet use and Internet procrastination. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2236-2254.
Trepte, S., & Reinecke, L. (2010). Avatar creation and video game enjoyment:Effects of life-satisfaction, game competitiveness, and identification with the avatar. Journal of Media Psychology:Theories, Methods, and Applications, 22(4), 171-184.
van Looy, J., Courtois, C., De Vocht, M., & De Marez, L. (2012). Player identification in online games:Validation of a scale for measuring identification in MMOGs. Media Psychology, 15(2), 197-221.
van Looy, J., Courtois, C., & De Vocht, M. (2014). Self-discrepancy and MMORPGs:Testing the moderating effects of avatar identification and pathological gaming in World of Warcraft. In T. Quandt & S. Kröger (Eds.), Multiplayer:The social aspects of digital gaming (pp. 234-242). London, UK:Routledge.

[1]	石鑫欣, 吴怡霏, 冯迎. 父母差别对待与青少年问题行为的关系：一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 644-650.
[2]	罗芮, 赵云燕, 何然, 王耘, 陈福美. 二孩家庭父母偏爱的特点及其与青少年抑郁的关系[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 657-664.
[3]	王刚, 刘赛凤, 李琦琛, 文岱, 伍韫旖, 蒋波西, 李放. 父母忽视与青少年短视频过度使用的关系：正念和自我控制的中介机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 487-493.
[4]	李晓明, 刘小丹, 戴婷. 特质焦虑与青少年冒险行为的关系：基于双系统模型的机制探讨[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 529-535.
[5]	李永占. 情绪智力在身体自尊与进食障碍倾向间的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 570-576.
[6]	孙洪蕊, 柳铭心, 张兴利, 周晨浩, 刁雅欣, 包乃丽. 父亲和母亲自主支持的特点及其与青少年社会适应的关系：自尊的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 375-381.
[7]	张一林, 周姿言, 刘雨佳, 辛素飞. 无聊倾向对青少年网络成瘾的影响：一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 419-425.
[8]	邓林园, 杨梦茜, 杨雨萌, 周楠, 李蓓蕾. 父母自主支持、父母心理控制和青少年网络成瘾的关系：一项交叉滞后研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 190-196.
[9]	孙锦露, 刘海骅. 青少年校园欺凌行为量表编制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 255-260.
[10]	邓慧颖, 孔繁昌. 粗暴养育和青少年生命意义寻求的关系：一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 612-619.
[11]	贾晓珊, 朱海东. 社会经济地位与儿童青少年心理健康关系的元分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 671-678.
[12]	孔繁昌, 王美茹, 孙乙元, 夏宇娟, 李晓瑶. 父母手机冷落行为与青少年疏离感的关系：一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 486-492.
[13]	刘艾祎, 伍新春. 创伤后应激障碍对震后青少年反社会行为的影响：复原力的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(2): 244-251.
[14]	刘啸莳. 母亲受教育水平和青少年学业自尊的关系：母亲教养方式的中介作用和性别的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(1): 59-65.
[15]	卢富荣, 宋煜静, 刘路培, 方选智. 父母冲突对儿童青少年抑郁情绪的影响：有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(6): 770-776.