心理与行为研究

心理与行为研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 650-656.

• 发展与教育心理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

3~6岁儿童情景记忆及其监测能力的发展

金雪莲1,2, 姜英杰1, 王志伟1   

  1. 1. 东北师范大学心理学院, 长春 130024;
    2. 吉林医药学院应用心理学院, 吉林 132013
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-23 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 姜英杰,E-mail:jiangyj993@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“儿童情景记忆及其监控能力的发展”（BBA150047）

The Developments of 3 to 6 Year-old Children's Episodic Memory and Monitoring

JIN Xuelian1,2, JIANG Yingjie1, WANG Zhiwei1   

  1. 1. School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024;
    2. School of Applied Psychology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013
  • Received:2018-03-23 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-19

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摘要： 通过以图片内容的再认作为项目记忆任务，图片与颜色背景的联结记忆作为来源记忆任务，并对两种记忆结果分别做信心判断，考察3~6岁儿童情景记忆及其监测能力的发展特点。结果表明：3岁儿童已具有项目记忆能力，4~6岁儿童其项目记忆能力显著优于3岁；6岁时才发展出来源记忆，两种记忆的发展不平衡。3~6岁儿童已经具备有效的项目记忆监测能力，但4~6岁儿童的监测准确性要高于3岁儿童；6岁儿童能够有效监测来源记忆，其准确性显著高于3~5岁儿童。结论：3~6岁儿童随年龄增长情景记忆及其监测能力不断发展，且来源记忆能力及有效监测能力的发展要滞后于项目记忆。

关键词: 项目记忆, 来源记忆, 信心判断, 情景记忆

Abstract: The aim of this study is to test the item memory, source memory, and monitoring capacity of three to six year-old children. In the current study, participants were asked to remember images and their background colors. Then they were given a series of recognition test about the image and the color which were followed by their judgment of confidence on each answer. Results showed that the children's episodic memory and monitoring developed gradually with their age. Specifically, three-year-old children already have the ability to remember items accurately, four to six years old's item memory ability is significantly better than three years old'. As for source memory, only when children grow up to six year old can they develop effective source memory. Differently, children aged three to six can monitor their item memory with comparatively higher accuracy of aged four to six than three. As accuracy of monitoring on source memory, there is no significant difference between three to five year-old children but a sharp increase on six year-old children. In conclusion, although the ability of remembering items and sources as well as their monitoring increased with children's age from three to six, the development of children's effective monitoring and their source memory is slower than their item memory.

Key words: item memory, source memory, judgment of confidence, episodic memory

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