焦虑和抑郁对正负性注意偏向的影响：注意控制的中介作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用状态-特质焦虑量表、流调抑郁量表、注意控制量表和正负性信息注意量表，对481名在校大学生进行调查研究，考察了焦虑、抑郁对注意偏向的影响，并探讨了注意控制在其中的中介作用。研究发现：（1）正性注意偏向与注意控制呈正相关，与状态焦虑、特质焦虑和流调抑郁呈负相关；负性注意偏向与注意控制呈负相关，与状态焦虑、特质焦虑和流调抑郁呈正相关。（2）特质焦虑、注意集中、注意转移可显著预测正性注意偏向，状态焦虑、流调抑郁和注意集中则显著预测负性注意偏向。（3）注意转移和注意集中中介了状态焦虑、特质焦虑、流调抑郁和正、负性注意偏向间的关系。研究提示注意控制是一个重要的保护性因素，可缓解或消除焦虑和抑郁对注意偏向的负面影响。

关键词: 状态焦虑, 特质焦虑, 抑郁, 注意控制, 正负性信息注意偏向

Abstract: Self-report measures of state anxiety (STAI_S), trait anxiety (STAI_T), depression, attentional control, attention to positive information (API), and attention to negative information (ANI) were conducted among 481 Chinese undergraduate students to investigate the impacts of anxiety and depression on attentional bias and the mediating role of attention control. It was found that API was positively correlated with attention control, and negatively correlated with state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. ANI was negatively correlated with attention control, and positively related to state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. API was significantly predicted by trait anxiety, attention focusing, and attention shifting, while ANI was significantly predicted by state anxiety, depression, and attention focusing. Furthermore, attention shifting and attention focusing mediated the relationships between state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression with API and ANI. The results demonstrated that attentional control may serve as a protective factor for alleviating or eliminating the negative impacts of anxiety and depression on attentional biases.

Key words: state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, attentional control, attention to positive and negative information

中图分类号:

B849

于永菊. 焦虑和抑郁对正负性注意偏向的影响：注意控制的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 121-127.

YU Yongju. Effects of Anxiety and Depression on Attentional Bias: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(1): 121-127.

参考文献

戴琴, 冯正直, 许爽, 谢钧润, 刘可愚, 于永菊, … 韩在玲. (2015). 正性负性信息注意量表中文版测试大学生样本的效度和信度. 中国心理卫生杂志, 29(5), 395-400, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.05.017
郭艳梅. (2010). 抑郁患者对情绪面孔注意偏向的抑制特点研究(硕士学位论文). 河北大学, 保定.
乐洪波, 马树华, 程晓玲, 王兆新, 胡治国, 张慧红, … 廖玲敏. (2009). 重度抑郁症对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向. 中国心理卫生杂志, 23(11), 795-799, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2009.11.009
李甜甜, 曹建琴, 李英丽, 李辞, 杨军, 苏红. (2017). 注意控制在医学新生负性自动思维与社交焦虑间的中介作用. 中华行为医学与脑科学, 26(6), 568-572
汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. (1999). 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版) (pp. 178-180, 212-215). 北京: 中国心理卫生杂志社.
毋嫘, 林冰心, 蒋娜, 赵亚萍. (2016). 高焦虑个体对威胁性刺激的注意偏向特点. 心理与行为研究, 14(6), 760-764, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2016.06.007
许媛美, 盛利, 张英辉, 何小琼, 赵正前, 王文娟, 翟长平. (2016). 抑郁症患者对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向. 中国健康心理学杂志, 24(4), 501-503, 504
于永菊. (2017). 特质焦虑个体的注意偏向和注意控制特点及其认知神经机制研究 (博士学位论文). 第三军医大学, 重庆.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950
Abasi, I., Mohammadkhani, P., Pourshahbaz, A., & Dolatshahi, B. (2017). The psychometric properties of attentional control scale and its relationship with symptoms of anxiety and depression: A study on Iranian population. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 12(2), 109-117.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1-24, doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1.
Booth, R. W. (2014). Uncontrolled avoidance of threat: Vigilance-avoidance, executive control, inhibition and shifting. Cognition and Emotion, 28(8), 1465-1473, doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.882294.
Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203-216, doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003.
Derakshan, N., Smyth, S., & Eysenck, M. W. (2009). Effects of state anxiety on performance using a task-switching paradigm: An investigation of attentional control theory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 1112-1117.
Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 225-236, doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.111.2.225.
Edwards, M. S. (2014). Attentional biases in processing emotional facial expressions: Effects of state anxiety, trait anxiety and awareness. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 6(4), 41-55.
Eizenman, M., Yu, L. H., Grupp, L., Eizenman, E., Ellenbogen, M., Gemar, M., & Levitan, R. D. (2003). A naturalistic visual scanning approach to assess selective attention in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 118(2), 117-128, doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00068-4.
Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336-353, doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336.
Eysenck, M. W., & Derakshan, N. (2011). New perspectives in attentional control theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 955-960, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.019.
Gorlin, E. I., & Teachman, B. A. (2015). Inhibitory control as a moderator of threat-related interference biases in social anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 29(4), 723-735, doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.931275.
Klein, A. M., de Voogd, L., Wiers, R. W., & Salemink, E. (2018). Biases in attention and interpretation in adolescents with varying levels of anxiety and depression. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1478-1486, doi: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1304359.
Li, M., Lu, S. F., Wang, G., Feng, L., Fu, B. B., & Zhong, N. (2016). Alleviated negative rather than positive attentional bias in patients with depression in remission: An eye-tracking study. Journal of International Medical Research, 44(5), 1072-1086, doi: 10.1177/0300060516662134.
Lichtenstein-Vidne, L., Okon-Singer, H., Cohen, N., Todder, D., Aue, T., Nemets, B., & Henik, A. (2017). Attentional bias in clinical depression and anxiety: The impact of emotional and non-emotional distracting information. Biological Psychology, 122, 4-12, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.012.
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2005). Attentional bias in generalized anxiety disorder versus depressive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 29-45, doi: 10.1007/s10608-005-1646-y.
Muris, P. (2010). Anxiety-related reasoning biases in Children and Adolescents. In A. P. Hadwin, & J. Field (Eds.), Information processing biases and anxiety: A developmental perspective (pp. 22-45). Hoboken: Wiley.
Noguchi, K., Gohm, C. L., & Dalsky, D. J. (2006). Cognitive tendencies of focusing on positive and negative information. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(6), 891-910, doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.09.008.
Osinsky, R., Gebhardt, H., Alexander, N., & Hennig, J. (2012). Trait anxiety and the dynamics of attentional control. Biological Psychology, 89(1), 252-259, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.10.016.
Platt, B., Waters, A. M., Schulte-Koerne, G., Engelmann, L., & Salemink, E. (2017). A review of cognitive biases in youth depression: Attention, interpretation and memory. Cognition and Emotion, 31(3), 462-483, doi: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1127215.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401, doi: 10.1177/014662167700100306.
Sarapas, C., Weinberg, A., Langenecker, S. A., & Shankman, S. A. (2017). Relationships among attention networks and physiological responding to threat. Brain and Cognition, 111, 63-72, doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.09.012.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Sylvester, C. M., Hudziak, J. J., Gaffrey, M. S., Barch, D. M., & Luby, J. L. (2016). Stimulus-driven attention, threat bias, and sad bias in Youth with a history of an anxiety disorder or depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(2), 219-231, doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-9988-8.
Taylor, C. T., Bomyea, J., & Amir, N. (2011). Malleability of attentional bias for positive emotional information and anxiety vulnerability. Emotion, 11(1), 127-138, doi: 10.1037/a0021301.
Trapp, W., Kalzendorf, C., Baum, C., Hajak, G., & Lautenbacher, S. (2018). Attentional biases in patients suffering from unipolar depression: Results of a dot probe task investigation. Psychiatry Research, 261, 325-331, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.005.
Vasey, M. W., Harbaugh, C. N., Mikolich, M., Firestone, A., & Bijttebier, P. (2013). Positive affectivity and attentional control moderate the link between negative affectivity and depressed mood. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 802-807, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.012.
Waszczuk, M. A., Brown, H. M., Eley, T. C., & Lester, K. J. (2015). Attentional control theory in childhood: Enhanced attentional capture by non-emotional and emotional distractors in anxiety and depression. PLoS One, 10(11), e0141535, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141535.

[1]	张鹏程, 李喜, 桑宇杰, 陈宁. 神经质人格对中小学生抑郁的影响：班级环境的跨层调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 637-643.
[2]	罗芮, 赵云燕, 何然, 王耘, 陈福美. 二孩家庭父母偏爱的特点及其与青少年抑郁的关系[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(5): 657-664.
[3]	余益兵, 于家伟, 李艳如, 杜宜展. 农村留守儿童领悟家庭支持、朋友支持与抑郁的交叉滞后分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(4): 472-478.
[4]	丁倩, 罗星雨. 歧视知觉对留守青少年攻击行为的影响：多重中介效应分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 346-352.
[5]	岳鹏飞, 胡文丽, 张嘉鑫, 史梦梦. 粗暴养育与中学生学习投入：状态焦虑与性别的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(2): 226-232.
[6]	张馨予, 孙琦, 周广东, 李冰. 大学生进食障碍症状的潜在剖面分析及其与抑郁的关系[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(1): 73-79.
[7]	朱莹莹, 马晓晴, 唐卓仪, 杨敏齐. 睡眠类型对大学生抑郁的影响：一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 657-664,694.
[8]	陈兰双, 宋惠敏, 董静, 赵欢, 张镇. 老年大学学员组织融入度和抑郁症状的关系及其机制探索[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(5): 706-713.
[9]	陈佩儀, 陈瑜, 杨雪岭. 中庸思维对大学生抑郁症状的影响机制：消极认知情绪调节策略的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 571-576.
[10]	颜志强, 李珊. 共情和抑郁的关系：同伴关系的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(3): 424-430.
[11]	姚文玉, 张雯, 刘影, 张思敏, 丁雪辰, 徐刚敏. 儿童抑郁水平与学业成绩的发展轨迹：基于平行潜变量增长模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(2): 223-229.
[12]	彭丽仪, 胡义秋, 曾子豪, 詹林. 儿童期受虐经历对大学生抑郁的影响：神经质人格和MAOA基因rs3027407多态性的作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(2): 230-236.
[13]	李甜甜, 顾吉有, 徐鹤文. 父亲抑郁对幼儿问题行为的影响：教养效能感和教养方式的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(1): 66-73.
[14]	卢富荣, 宋煜静, 刘路培, 方选智. 父母冲突对儿童青少年抑郁情绪的影响：有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(6): 770-776.
[15]	纪凌开, 刘华山, 李晨璐. 温水煮青蛙：专业认同对大学生抑郁的影响机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(6): 833-838.