内在自我与外界眼光：自我评价与反射性评价一致性对青少年心理健康问题的影响

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以481名初中生为研究对象，采用多项式回归与响应面分析探讨自我评价与反射性评价一致性对心理健康问题的影响，并探讨性别在其中的调节作用。结果显示：(1)在自我评价与反射性评价一致时，评价水平越低，青少年心理健康问题越严重；(2)在自我评价与反射性评价不一致时，低自我评价−高反射性评价的青少年心理健康问题更严重；(3)性别在自我评价−反射性评价匹配模式对心理健康问题的影响中起调节作用。研究结果揭示了低自我评价是评价匹配对心理健康影响中的重要风险因素，并为青少年心理问题干预的性别差异化设计提供了依据。

关键词: 青少年, 自我评价, 反射性评价, 心理健康问题, 响应面分析

Abstract:

Based on a sample of 481 junior high school students, this study employed polynomial regression and response surface analysis to examine the impact of the consistency between self-appraisal and reflected appraisal on mental health issues, as well as the moderating role of gender in this relationship. The results showed that: 1) when self-appraisal and reflected appraisal were congruent, adolescents with low self-appraisal and low reflected appraisal exhibited higher levels of mental health issues than those with high self-appraisal and high reflected appraisal; 2) when self-appraisal and reflected appraisal were incongruent, adolescents with low self-appraisal and high reflected appraisal reported higher levels of mental health issues than those with high self-appraisal and low reflected appraisal; 3) gender moderated the association between appraisal matching patterns and mental health. These findings highlight that low self-appraisal is a critical risk factor within the relationship between appraisal matching patterns and mental health and provide empirical evidence for the development of gender-differentiated psychological interventions for adolescents.

Key words: adolescents, self-appraisal, reflected appraisal, mental health issues, response surface analysis

王惠惠, 唐慎佩, 赵双祐, 黄向圆, 兰松. 内在自我与外界眼光：自我评价与反射性评价一致性对青少年心理健康问题的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 187-194.

Huihui WANG, Shenpei TANG, Shuangyou ZHAO, Xiangyuan HUANG, Song LAN. The Inner Self and External Perspectives: The Impact of Self-Appraisal and Reflected Appraisal Consistency on Adolescents’ Mental Health Issues[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(2): 187-194.

图/表 9

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变量	自我评价	反射性评价	心理健康问题
自我评价		0.26*/0.42*	−0.48*/−0.55*
反射性评价	0.35***		−0.65*/−0.69*
心理健康问题	−0.67***	−0.52***
总体	33.72±10.58	36.10±11.56	40.79±18.45
男生	34.95±10.74	37.68±11.90	37.29±18.96
女生	32.57±10.31	34.60±11.05	44.10±17.35

变量	自我评价	反射性评价	心理健康问题
自我评价		0.26*/0.42*	−0.48*/−0.55*
反射性评价	0.35***		−0.65*/−0.69*
心理健康问题	−0.67***	−0.52***
总体	33.72±10.58	36.10±11.56	40.79±18.45
男生	34.95±10.74	37.68±11.90	37.29±18.96
女生	32.57±10.31	34.60±11.05	44.10±17.35

匹配情况	n	所占百分比(%)	自我评价(M)	反射性评价(M)
自我>反射	166	34.51	40.79	29.65
自我=反射	153	31.81	31.80	34.22
自我<反射	162	33.68	28.29	44.48

匹配情况	n	所占百分比(%)	自我评价(M)	反射性评价(M)
自我>反射	166	34.51	40.79	29.65
自我=反射	153	31.81	31.80	34.22
自我<反射	162	33.68	28.29	44.48

	全样本		女生样本		男生样本
	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6
自我评价(b₁)	−0.97***	−1.08***	−0.94***	−1.00***	−1.00***	−1.15***
反射性评价(b₂)	−0.52***	−0.50***	−0.48***	−0.48***	−0.53***	−0.54***
自我评价的平方(b₃)		0.02***		0.01		0.03***
自我评价×反射性评价(b₄)		0.02*		0.01		0.02*
反射性评价的平方(b₅)		−0.01*		−0.01		−0.01
R²	0.55	0.57	0.55	0.56	0.53	0.57
ΔR²		0.02***		0.01		0.04***
响应面分析
一致线(X=Y)
a₁(b₁+b₂)		−1.58***		−1.48***		−1.68***
a₂(b₃+b₄+b₅)		0.03***		0.01		0.04***
不一致线(X=−Y)
a₃(b₁−b₂)		−0.58***		−0.52***		−0.61***
a₄(b₃−b₄+b₅)		−0.01		−0.01		0.00