青少年运动习惯与自尊、心理韧性的动态关系：基于交叉滞后与随机截距交叉滞后模型的分析

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究使用体育健康行为量表、中文版Rosenberg自尊量表及Connor-Davidson心理韧性量表，采用整群取样法对1034名八年级的青少年进行追踪研究，旨在考察青少年运动习惯与自尊、心理韧性之间的动态发展关系。结果表明：(1)交叉滞后分析显示，青少年运动习惯与自尊存在相互预测关系，单向预测心理韧性，且自尊与心理韧性之间存在相互预测关系；(2)随机截距交叉滞后分析显示，在个体内水平上，青少年的运动习惯与心理韧性之间存在循环作用关系，且心理韧性与自尊之间存在循环作用的关系。结果表明，运动习惯与心理韧性、自尊在青少年发展过程中存在动态关联。

关键词: 运动习惯, 自尊, 心理韧性, 随机截距交叉滞后模型

Abstract:

The study employed the Physical Health Behavior Scale, the Chinese version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale to conduct a longitudinal survey using cluster sampling among 1034 eighth-grade adolescents, aiming to investigate the dynamic developmental relationships between adolescents’ exercise habits, self-esteem and resilience. The results showed that: 1) Cross-lagged panel model revealed a mutual predictive relationship between exercise habits and self-esteem, with exercise habits unilaterally predicting resilience; also, there was a mutual predictive relationship between self-esteem and resilience. 2) Random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that at the within-person level, a reciprocal relationship was observed between exercise habits and resilience, and between resilience and self-esteem. These findings suggest dynamic interconnections among exercise habits, resilience, and self-esteem during adolescent development.

Key words: exercise habits, self-esteem, resilience, random intercept cross-lagged panel model

王丹云, 王玉龙, 唐卓. 青少年运动习惯与自尊、心理韧性的动态关系：基于交叉滞后与随机截距交叉滞后模型的分析[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 178-186.

Danyun WANG, Yulong WANG, Zhuo TANG. Dynamic Relationships Between Adolescents’ Exercise Habits, Self-Esteem, and Resilience: Based on the Cross-Lagged Panel Model and the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model Analysis[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(2): 178-186.

图/表 5

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变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. T1运动习惯
2. T2运动习惯	0.58^***
3. T3运动习惯	0.52^***	0.59^***
4. T1自尊	0.44^***	0.31^***	0.32^***
5. T2自尊	0.42^***	0.40^***	0.41^***	0.71^***
6. T3自尊	0.37^***	0.38^***	0.47^***	0.61^***	0.74^***
7. T1心理韧性	0.53^***	0.33^***	0.37^***	0.64^***	0.56^***	0.48^***
8. T2心理韧性	0.46^***	0.51^***	0.47^***	0.50^***	0.67^***	0.58^***	0.56^***
9. T3心理韧性	0.36^***	0.45^***	0.56^***	0.44^***	0.58^***	0.67^***	0.51^***	0.66^***
10. 性别	–0.30^***	–0.31^***	–0.26^***	–0.14^***	–0.16^***	–0.14^***	–0.17^***	–0.21^***	–0.19^***
M	17.48	16.78	17.70	36.24	36.46	36.62	60.44	59.21	62.19
SD	5.97	5.42	5.53	8.34	7.86	8.24	25.17	22.42	23.38

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. T1运动习惯
2. T2运动习惯	0.58^***
3. T3运动习惯	0.52^***	0.59^***
4. T1自尊	0.44^***	0.31^***	0.32^***
5. T2自尊	0.42^***	0.40^***	0.41^***	0.71^***
6. T3自尊	0.37^***	0.38^***	0.47^***	0.61^***	0.74^***
7. T1心理韧性	0.53^***	0.33^***	0.37^***	0.64^***	0.56^***	0.48^***
8. T2心理韧性	0.46^***	0.51^***	0.47^***	0.50^***	0.67^***	0.58^***	0.56^***
9. T3心理韧性	0.36^***	0.45^***	0.56^***	0.44^***	0.58^***	0.67^***	0.51^***	0.66^***
10. 性别	–0.30^***	–0.31^***	–0.26^***	–0.14^***	–0.16^***	–0.14^***	–0.17^***	–0.21^***	–0.19^***
M	17.48	16.78	17.70	36.24	36.46	36.62	60.44	59.21	62.19
SD	5.97	5.42	5.53	8.34	7.86	8.24	25.17	22.42	23.38

变量	男生		女生		t
变量	M	SD	M	SD	t
1. T1运动习惯	19.20	5.46	15.62	5.82	10.10^***
2. T2运动习惯	18.33	5.25	14.96	5.02	10.31^***
3. T3运动习惯	19.04	5.32	16.18	5.37	8.15^***
4. T1自尊	37.34	8.01	35.07	8.58	4.40^***
5. T2自尊	37.65	7.51	35.08	8.05	5.22^***
6. T3自尊	37.72	8.08	35.37	8.25	4.41^***
7. T1心理韧性	64.42	24.93	56.02	24.54	5.32^***
8. T2心理韧性	63.58	22.08	54.15	21.76	6.65^***
9. T3心理韧性	66.22	23.26	57.56	22.68	5.67^***

变量	男生		女生		t
变量	M	SD	M	SD	t
1. T1运动习惯	19.20	5.46	15.62	5.82	10.10^***
2. T2运动习惯	18.33	5.25	14.96	5.02	10.31^***
3. T3运动习惯	19.04	5.32	16.18	5.37	8.15^***
4. T1自尊	37.34	8.01	35.07	8.58	4.40^***
5. T2自尊	37.65	7.51	35.08	8.05	5.22^***
6. T3自尊	37.72	8.08	35.37	8.25	4.41^***
7. T1心理韧性	64.42	24.93	56.02	24.54	5.32^***
8. T2心理韧性	63.58	22.08	54.15	21.76	6.65^***
9. T3心理韧性	66.22	23.26	57.56	22.68	5.67^***

变量	Model	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA
运动习惯	形态等值	0.954	0.937	0.074
	单位/弱等值	0.952	0.940	0.073	0.002	0.001
	尺度/强等值	0.943	0.934	0.076	0.009	0.003
自尊	形态等值	0.920	0.902	0.060
	单位/弱等值	0.918	0.904	0.059	0.002	0.001
	尺度/强等值	0.909	0.900	0.061	0.009	0.002
心理韧性	形态等值	0.914	0.909	0.042
	单位/弱等值	0.913	0.909	0.042	0.001	0.000
	尺度/强等值	0.912	0.909	0.042	0.001	0.000