中文朗读和默读知觉广度的比较研究

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阅读知觉广度是指读者一次注视所能获取有效信息的范围。朗读和默读是两种基本的阅读方式。已有研究发现，朗读时成人在注视点右侧的知觉广度小于默读，但左侧知觉广度是否同样会缩小尚不明确。为此，本研究使用眼动仪，采用移动窗口范式考察不同阅读方式对注视点双侧知觉广度的影响，以揭示不同阅读方式下的注意资源分配机制。结果显示，默读时知觉广度为注视点左侧1个汉字，右侧3个汉字。朗读时为注视点左侧1个汉字，右侧2个汉字。结果表明，朗读和默读的注意资源分配和内部加工机制不完全一致。朗读因涉及发音和眼音协调，导致读者将更多的注意资源用于中央凹及左侧副中央凹信息加工，从而减少了对右侧副中央凹信息的分配。

关键词: 朗读, 默读, 知觉广度, 眼动, 注意资源分配

Abstract:

The perceptual span refers to the area from which readers extract useful information during a single fixation. Both oral and silent reading are fundamental modes of reading. Previous research has shown that the perceptual span to the right of fixation is smaller during oral than during silent reading in adults; however, it remains unclear whether a similar reduction occurs on the left side. This study employed the moving-window paradigm with an eye-tracker to investigate the bilateral perceptual span under these two reading modes, aiming to reveal the mechanisms of attentional resource allocation. The results showed that during silent reading, the perceptual span extended 1 character to the left and 3 characters to the right of fixation, whereas during oral reading, it spanned 1 character left and 2 characters right. These findings suggest that attentional allocation and internal processing differ between the two reading modes. During oral reading, readers allocate more attentional resources to foveal and left-parafoveal processing due to the demands of articulation and eye-voice coordination, thereby reducing resources available for right-parafoveal processing.

Key words: oral reading, silent reading, perceptual span, eye movement, attention resource allocation

中图分类号:

B842

王影超, 李赛男, 宋子明, 张严文, 代景华. 中文朗读和默读知觉广度的比较研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(4): 450-457.

Yingchao WANG, Sainan LI, Ziming SONG, Yanwen ZHANG, Jinghua DAI. A Comparative Study of Perceptual Span in Oral and Silent Reading of Chinese[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(4): 450-457.

图/表 3

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阅读方式	L0R1	L0R2	L0R3	L0R4	L1R4	L2R4	FL
朗读(字/分)	197.59(39.01)	215.66(44.47)	212.60(44.80)	217.86(48.42)	224.53(39.63)	229.64(44.34)	228.13(41.81)
默读(字/分)	272.89(85.17)	326.64(107.09)	341.25(117.43)	339.26(118.11)	400.12(133.07)	405.17(141.37)	396.85(136.72)

阅读方式	L0R1	L0R2	L0R3	L0R4	L1R4	L2R4	FL
朗读(字/分)	197.59(39.01)	215.66(44.47)	212.60(44.80)	217.86(48.42)	224.53(39.63)	229.64(44.34)	228.13(41.81)
默读(字/分)	272.89(85.17)	326.64(107.09)	341.25(117.43)	339.26(118.11)	400.12(133.07)	405.17(141.37)	396.85(136.72)

	阅读方式	L0R1	L0R2	L0R3	L0R4	L1R4	L2R4	FL
平均注视时间 (ms)	朗读	316(47)	324(50)	327(53)	325(47)	320(47)	317(49)	297(41)
平均注视时间 (ms)	默读	274(43)	263(40)	267(43)	268(38)	258(40)	259(44)	234(35)
向右眼跳距离 (字)	朗读	1.02(0.20)	1.16(0.22)	1.21(0.26)	1.22(0.27)	1.20(0.27)	1.22(0.26)	1.24(0.30)
向右眼跳距离 (字)	默读	1.28(0.31)	1.53(0.35)	1.72(0.42)	1.81(0.42)	1.86(0.47)	1.82(0.45)	2.01(0.71)
注视次数 (次)	朗读	20.93(3.57)	18.88(3.91)	19.09(4.23)	18.72(4.19)	18.32(3.74)	18.03(3.64)	19.26(3.62)
注视次数 (次)	默读	18.04(4.93)	16.01(5.20)	15.19(5.08)	15.19(5.27)	13.43(5.12)	13.20(5.08)	14.31(5.11)
回视次数 (次)	朗读	2.94(1.90)	2.85(2.04)	3.26(2.18)	3.10(2.08)	2.80(2.11)	2.84(1.90)	3.49(2.01)
回视次数 (次)	默读	2.42(2.05)	2.57(2.10)	2.81(2.04)	3.11(2.20)	2.60(2.09)	2.55(2.18)	3.27(2.18)

	阅读方式	L0R1	L0R2	L0R3	L0R4	L1R4	L2R4	FL
平均注视时间 (ms)	朗读	316(47)	324(50)	327(53)	325(47)	320(47)	317(49)	297(41)
平均注视时间 (ms)	默读	274(43)	263(40)	267(43)	268(38)	258(40)	259(44)	234(35)
向右眼跳距离 (字)	朗读	1.02(0.20)	1.16(0.22)	1.21(0.26)	1.22(0.27)	1.20(0.27)	1.22(0.26)	1.24(0.30)
向右眼跳距离 (字)	默读	1.28(0.31)	1.53(0.35)	1.72(0.42)	1.81(0.42)	1.86(0.47)	1.82(0.45)	2.01(0.71)
注视次数 (次)	朗读	20.93(3.57)	18.88(3.91)	19.09(4.23)	18.72(4.19)	18.32(3.74)	18.03(3.64)	19.26(3.62)
注视次数 (次)	默读	18.04(4.93)	16.01(5.20)	15.19(5.08)	15.19(5.27)	13.43(5.12)	13.20(5.08)	14.31(5.11)
回视次数 (次)	朗读	2.94(1.90)	2.85(2.04)	3.26(2.18)	3.10(2.08)	2.80(2.11)	2.84(1.90)	3.49(2.01)
回视次数 (次)	默读	2.42(2.05)	2.57(2.10)	2.81(2.04)	3.11(2.20)	2.60(2.09)	2.55(2.18)	3.27(2.18)

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