积极共情与高中生亲社会行为的关系：自我建构的中介与社会比较的调节作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨高中生积极共情与亲社会行为的关系及其作用机制，采用问卷法对775名高中生进行调查，考察自我构建的中介作用和社会比较的调节作用。结果发现：(1)积极共情对亲社会行为有显著的正向预测作用；(2)独立性自我建构和依存性自我建构分别在积极共情和亲社会行为之间起部分中介作用；(3)下行社会比较调节了积极共情与独立性自我建构的关系。研究结果为高中生积极共情、自我建构、社会比较和亲社会行为间的动态关系提供了数据支持，为促进高中生亲社会行为提供新的思路和方法。

关键词: 积极共情, 亲社会行为, 自我建构, 社会比较

Abstract:

To explore the relationship between positive empathy and prosocial behavior in high school students and its specific mechanisms, we used the questionnaire method to investigate 775 high school students, in which the mediating role of self-construal and the moderating role of social comparison were focused. The results showed that: 1) Positive empathy had a significant positive predictive effect on prosocial behavior. 2) Independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal played a partial mediating role in the relationship between positive empathy and prosocial behavior. 3) Downward social comparison moderated the effect of positive empathy on independent self-construal. The findings provide evidence to support the dynamic relationship between positive empathy, self-construal, social comparison and prosocial behavior in high school students, and provide new ideas and methods to promote prosocial behavior in high school students.

Key words: positive empathy, prosocial behavior, self-construal, social comparison

中图分类号:

B849

田可心, 阴山燕, 武亦文, 胡文彬. 积极共情与高中生亲社会行为的关系：自我建构的中介与社会比较的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 712-719.

Kexin TIAN, Shanyan YIN, Yiwen WU, Wenbin HU. The Relationship Between Positive Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in High School Students: Self-Construal as a Mediator and Social Comparison as a Moderator[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(5): 712-719.

图/表 6

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变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.性别
2.年龄	16.58±0.92
3.社会比较	3.97±1.95	−0.01	0.00
4.亲社会行为	69.10±11.93	0.00	−0.07	0.02
5.积极共情	25.76±5.69	0.15**	−0.08*	0.05	0.52**
6.独立性自我建构	47.16±9.01	−0.13**	−0.03	0.15**	0.27**	0.17**
7.依存性自我建构	50.65±9.18	0.08*	−0.12**	0.00	0.37**	0.36**	−0.01

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.性别
2.年龄	16.58±0.92
3.社会比较	3.97±1.95	−0.01	0.00
4.亲社会行为	69.10±11.93	0.00	−0.07	0.02
5.积极共情	25.76±5.69	0.15**	−0.08*	0.05	0.52**
6.独立性自我建构	47.16±9.01	−0.13**	−0.03	0.15**	0.27**	0.17**
7.依存性自我建构	50.65±9.18	0.08*	−0.12**	0.00	0.37**	0.36**	−0.01

变量	阶段一：亲社会		阶段二：独立性		阶段三：亲社会
变量	β	t	β	t	β	t
性别	−0.17	−2.73**	−0.31	−4.33***	−0.12	−1.88
年龄	−0.03	−0.83	−0.02	−0.49	−0.02	−0.75
积极共情	0.53	17.04***	0.19	5.33***	0.50	16.00***
独立性					0.17	5.67***
R²	0.28		0.05		0.31
F	98.40***		13.95***		84.84***

变量	阶段一：亲社会		阶段二：独立性		阶段三：亲社会
变量	β	t	β	t	β	t
性别	−0.17	−2.73**	−0.31	−4.33***	−0.12	−1.88
年龄	−0.03	−0.83	−0.02	−0.49	−0.02	−0.75
积极共情	0.53	17.04***	0.19	5.33***	0.50	16.00***
独立性					0.17	5.67***
R²	0.28		0.05		0.31
F	98.40***		13.95***		84.84***

变量	阶段一：亲社会		阶段二：依存性		阶段三：亲社会
变量	β	t	β	t	β	t
性别	−0.17	−2.73**	0.05	0.79	−0.18	−3.00**
年龄	−0.03	−0.83	−0.10	−2.78**	−0.01	−0.18
积极共情	0.53	17.04***	0.35	10.41***	0.45	14.06***
依存性					0.22	6.70***
R²	0.28		0.14		0.32
F	98.40***		42.52***		89.23***