中国内地大学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察我国大学教师心理健康问题的基本情况，采用元分析方法对2000年至2022年发表的检出率研究进行综合分析。结果发现：(1)大学教师心理健康问题的检出率由高到低依次是睡眠问题(22.6%)、强迫问题(22.3%)、抑郁(21.3%)、焦虑(18.6%)、躯体化问题(15.3%)、偏执问题(14.1%)和敌对问题(14.0%)。(2)出版年代、测量工具、学校类型和经济区域是影响大学教师心理健康问题的重要因素。具体而言，大学教师的焦虑问题随年代呈上升趋势；焦虑、抑郁和睡眠问题的检出率与所使用的测量工具密切相关；普通高校教师的心理健康问题发生率普遍高于高等职业学校教师；东部地区教师的焦虑和抑郁问题比中西部教师更严重。未来应开发专门针对大学教师心理健康问题的测查工具，增加对普通高校和东部地区高校教师的心理援助，遏制大学教师焦虑的蔓延趋势，实现教师心理健康水平的整体提升。

关键词: 大学教师, 心理健康, 心理健康问题, 检出率, 元分析

Abstract:

To map out the basic situation of mental health problems among university teachers in China, a meta-analytic approach was used to synthesize and analyze the studies about the prevalence of mental health problems published from 2000 to 2022. The results found that: 1) the prevalence of mental health problems among university teachers was, in descending order, sleep problems (22.6%), obsessive-compulsive (22.3%), depression (21.3%), anxiety (18.6%), somatization (15.3%), paranoia (14.1%), and hostility (14.0%). 2) Publication age, measurement tools, school type, and economic region were significant factors influencing mental health problems among university teachers. Specifically, the anxiety of university teachers tended to deteriorate over the years. The prevalence of teachers’ anxiety, depression and sleep problems was closely related to the measurement tools. The mental health problems of teachers in general universities were higher than those of teachers in vocational universities. Teachers in the eastern region had more serious anxiety and depression than those in the central and western regions. In the future, in order to achieve the overall improvement of teachers’ mental health, more attention should be paid to teachers in general universities and in eastern region of China; also, it is necessary to develop the measurement tools specifically for teachers’ mental health problems, and to curb the spread of teachers’ anxiety.

Key words: university teachers, mental health, mental health problems, prevalence, meta-analysis

邵蕾, 黄潇潇, 俞国良. 中国内地大学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 173-182.

Lei SHAO, Xiaoxiao HUANG, Guoliang YU. A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among University Teachers in Chinese Mainland: 2000~2022[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 173-182.

图/表 9

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心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I² (%)	p
焦虑	50	32676	0.186	0.156	0.221	98.04	<0.001
抑郁	51	22615	0.213	0.176	0.256	97.96	<0.001
睡眠问题	48	32440	0.226	0.190	0.267	98.44	<0.001
躯体化问题	34	9522	0.153	0.117	0.196	96.31	<0.001
强迫问题	34	9669	0.223	0.174	0.281	97.08	<0.001
偏执问题	34	9659	0.141	0.107	0.184	96.60	<0.001
敌对问题	35	9739	0.140	0.108	0.180	96.11	<0.001

心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I² (%)	p
焦虑	50	32676	0.186	0.156	0.221	98.04	<0.001
抑郁	51	22615	0.213	0.176	0.256	97.96	<0.001
睡眠问题	48	32440	0.226	0.190	0.267	98.44	<0.001
躯体化问题	34	9522	0.153	0.117	0.196	96.31	<0.001
强迫问题	34	9669	0.223	0.174	0.281	97.08	<0.001
偏执问题	34	9659	0.141	0.107	0.184	96.60	<0.001
敌对问题	35	9739	0.140	0.108	0.180	96.11	<0.001

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	19.66	3	<0.001	GAD-7	2	0.240	0.067	0.579
				SAS	9	0.315	0.239	0.404
				SCL-90-2	20	0.164	0.130	0.205
				SCL-90-3	12	0.086	0.044	0.162
检出时间	0.29	2	0.879	一周	45	0.185	0.153	0.222
				两周	2	0.240	0.067	0.579
				无	3	0.165	0.064	0.362
学校类型	7.48	1	0.006	普通高校	42	0.208	0.173	0.247
学校类型	7.48	1	0.006	高职院校	8	0.095	0.054	0.163
性别	1.36	1	0.244	男	7	0.290	0.231	0.358
性别	1.36	1	0.244	女	12	0.234	0.172	0.309
经济区域	9.23	3	0.026	东北	6	0.147	0.080	0.253
				东部	13	0.271	0.200	0.357
				西部	11	0.168	0.112	0.245
				中部	16	0.139	0.096	0.198

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	19.66	3	<0.001	GAD-7	2	0.240	0.067	0.579
				SAS	9	0.315	0.239	0.404
				SCL-90-2	20	0.164	0.130	0.205
				SCL-90-3	12	0.086	0.044	0.162
检出时间	0.29	2	0.879	一周	45	0.185	0.153	0.222
				两周	2	0.240	0.067	0.579
				无	3	0.165	0.064	0.362
学校类型	7.48	1	0.006	普通高校	42	0.208	0.173	0.247
学校类型	7.48	1	0.006	高职院校	8	0.095	0.054	0.163
性别	1.36	1	0.244	男	7	0.290	0.231	0.358
性别	1.36	1	0.244	女	12	0.234	0.172	0.309
经济区域	9.23	3	0.026	东北	6	0.147	0.080	0.253
				东部	13	0.271	0.200	0.357
				西部	11	0.168	0.112	0.245
				中部	16	0.139	0.096	0.198

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	83.68	3	<0.001	CES-D	3	0.549	0.478	0.618
				SDS	8	0.273	0.202	0.357
				SCL-90-2	20	0.178	0.137	0.227
				SCL-90-3	12	0.107	0.056	0.195
检出时间	1.82	1	0.178	一周	47	0.210	0.171	0.255
检出时间	1.82	1	0.178	无	3	0.175	0.145	0.208
学校类型	3.66	1	0.056	普通高校	38	0.241	0.196	0.293
学校类型	3.66	1	0.056	高职院校	13	0.139	0.078	0.235
性别	0.08	1	0.779	男	6	0.289	0.224	0.364
性别	0.08	1	0.779	女	10	0.270	0.177	0.389
经济区域	7.49	3	0.058	东北	9	0.292	0.186	0.427
				东部	13	0.262	0.176	0.371
				西部	11	0.153	0.100	0.225
				中部	14	0.166	0.115	0.234