中国内地中学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为澄清我国中学教师心理健康问题检出率的基本情况及影响因素，为强化社会心理服务体系建设、落实教师心理健康维护保健工作提供可靠数据遵循，对2000～2022年间的研究进行元分析。结果发现：(1)中学教师心理健康问题检出率由高到低依次是睡眠问题(36.4%)、强迫问题(23.0%)、抑郁(20.1%)、焦虑(18.9%)、偏执问题(17.4%)、敌对问题(16.7%)、躯体化问题(16.6%)；(2)学校类别、出版年代、测量工具、检出标准、检出时间是导致中学教师心理健康问题检出率结果差异的关键因素。总体来看，我国中学教师心理健康状况有待提升。未来应加大对初高中教师心理健康问题的关注，制定适合的测量工具并统一筛查标准，推动中学教师心理健康问题筛查、诊断和干预常态化。

关键词: 中学教师, 心理健康, 心理健康问题, 检出率, 元分析

Abstract:

To clarify the basic situation and influencing factors of the prevalence of mental health problems among secondary school teachers in China, and to provide reliable data for strengthening the construction of social psychological service system and implementing teacher mental health maintenance and healthcare work, a meta-analysis was conducted on the retrieved research from 2000 to 2022. The results showed that: 1) the prevalence of mental health problems among secondary school teachers ranked from high to low, including sleep disorders (36.4%), compulsion (23.0%), depression (20.1%), anxiety (18.9%), paranoia (17.4%), hostility (16.7%), and somatization (16.6%); 2) school category, the year of publication, measurement tools, detection standards, and detection time were key factors that lead to varying levels of prevalence for mental health problems among secondary school teachers. In the future, more attention should be focused on the mental health problems of secondary school teachers. In specific, it is necessary to develop measurement tools that are suitable for the mental health status of secondary school teachers in China, as well as to unify screening standards; also, it is important to promote the normalization of screening, diagnosis, and intervention for secondary school teachers’ mental health problems.

Key words: secondary school teachers, mental health, mental health problems, prevalence, meta-analysis

于晓琪, 黄潇潇, 俞国良. 中国内地中学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 163-172.

Xiaoqi YU, Xiaoxiao HUANG, Guoliang YU. A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among Secondary School Teachers in Chinese Mainland: 2000~2022[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 163-172.

图/表 9

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心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I(%)	p
焦虑	74	70187	0.189	0.158	0.225	98.79	<0.001
抑郁	73	35287	0.201	0.165	0.243	98.52	<0.001
躯体化问题	55	23415	0.166	0.129	0.212	98.36	<0.001
强迫问题	55	17402	0.230	0.186	0.282	98.02	<0.001
敌对问题	53	16765	0.167	0.131	0.211	97.91	<0.001
偏执问题	50	15773	0.174	0.137	0.218	97.72	<0.001
睡眠问题	20	22955	0.364	0.270	0.471	99.37	<0.001

心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I(%)	p
焦虑	74	70187	0.189	0.158	0.225	98.79	<0.001
抑郁	73	35287	0.201	0.165	0.243	98.52	<0.001
躯体化问题	55	23415	0.166	0.129	0.212	98.36	<0.001
强迫问题	55	17402	0.230	0.186	0.282	98.02	<0.001
敌对问题	53	16765	0.167	0.131	0.211	97.91	<0.001
偏执问题	50	15773	0.174	0.137	0.218	97.72	<0.001
睡眠问题	20	22955	0.364	0.270	0.471	99.37	<0.001

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95%CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
学校类别	10.46	2	0.005	初中	20	0.225	0.168	0.295
				高中	24	0.214	0.135	0.320
				中职	4	0.051	0.020	0.124
测量工具+检出标准	52.44	3	<0.001	SAS≥50	8	0.403	0.236	0.597
				SCL-90≥2	32	0.246	0.183	0.321
				SCL-90≥3	17	0.051	0.033	0.079
				GAD-7≥10	3	0.092	0.062	0.136
检出时间	8.46	2	0.015	1周	71	0.198	0.161	0.240
				2周	4	0.113	0.079	0.159
				无	5	0.096	0.021	0.342
区域	3.63	3	0.304	东北	11	0.110	0.051	0.220
				东部	26	0.169	0.115	0.241
				中部	19	0.212	0.161	0.273
				西部	21	0.209	0.148	0.288

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95%CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
学校类别	10.46	2	0.005	初中	20	0.225	0.168	0.295
				高中	24	0.214	0.135	0.320
				中职	4	0.051	0.020	0.124
测量工具+检出标准	52.44	3	<0.001	SAS≥50	8	0.403	0.236	0.597
				SCL-90≥2	32	0.246	0.183	0.321
				SCL-90≥3	17	0.051	0.033	0.079
				GAD-7≥10	3	0.092	0.062	0.136
检出时间	8.46	2	0.015	1周	71	0.198	0.161	0.240
				2周	4	0.113	0.079	0.159
				无	5	0.096	0.021	0.342
区域	3.63	3	0.304	东北	11	0.110	0.051	0.220
				东部	26	0.169	0.115	0.241
				中部	19	0.212	0.161	0.273
				西部	21	0.209	0.148	0.288

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95%CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
学校类别	2.09	2	0.351	初中	20	0.204	0.157	0.261
				高中	21	0.272	0.183	0.383
				中职	5	0.147	0.048	0.374
测量工具+检出标准	32.22	2	<0.001	SDS≥53	4	0.382	0.172	0.648
				SCL-90≥2	33	0.280	0.212	0.360
				SCL-90≥3	16	0.061	0.036	0.100
检出时间	0.34	2	0.844	1周	72	0.206	0.170	0.248
				2周	3	0.207	0.044	0.598
				无	4	0.161	0.057	0.381
区域	2.32	3	0.509	东北	10	0.160	0.072	0.321
				东部	26	0.202	0.149	0.268
				中部	19	0.247	0.153	0.373
				西部	20	0.159	0.104	0.235