排球运动员接扣球知觉预测认知加工特征研究：来自眼动和fNIRS的关联证据

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

知觉预测是决定运动技能水平的关键因素，高水平运动员可能存在知觉预测优势，但运动经验促进知觉预测的眼−脑交互加工机制尚需进一步探索。本研究选取排球比赛视频材料，利用眼动和功能性近红外光谱成像技术探查不同水平排球运动员在接扣球知觉预测过程中的行为表现及大脑认知加工特征。结果发现，专家组正确率显著大于新手组，反应时显著短于新手组。专家组瞳孔直径和眼跳幅度均显著小于新手组。专家组左侧腹外侧前额叶、左侧背外侧前额叶和右侧背外侧前额叶的激活水平显著低于新手组，右侧背外侧前额叶激活水平和瞳孔直径呈显著正相关，左侧腹外侧前额叶激活水平和瞳孔直径与眼跳幅度呈显著正相关。结果表明，高水平排球运动员具有知觉预测优势，长期排球训练促进了视觉与大脑信息加工的快速耦合。

关键词: 排球运动, 知觉预测, 眼动, 功能性近红外光谱成像技术(fNIRS)

Abstract:

Perceptual anticipation is a pivotal factor determining the level of motor skills. High-level athletes may possess advantages in perceptual anticipation, yet the eye-brain interactive processing mechanism that enhances perceptual anticipation through sports experience remains to be further explored. This study selected volleyball match video materials and utilized eye-tracking and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the behavioral performance and cognitive processing characteristics of the brain during perceptual anticipation of receiving smashes among volleyball players of different skill levels. The results showed that the accuracy rate was significantly higher and the reaction time was significantly shorter for the expert group than those for the novice group. Furthermore, the pupil diameter and saccade amplitude of the expert group were significantly shorter compared to the novice group. Regarding brain activation, the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex exhibited significantly lower activation levels in the expert group than that in the novice group. Notably, the activation level of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and pupil diameter showed significant positive correlation; also, the activation level of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and pupil diameter, and saccade amplitude respectively showed significant positive correlation. These findings suggest that high-level volleyball players possess advantages in perceptual anticipation, and long-term volleyball training facilitates coupling of visual and brain information processing rapidly.

Key words: volleyball, perceptual anticipation, eye movements, functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)

张文, 阚超, 郭丽敏, 刘知和, 刘阳. 排球运动员接扣球知觉预测认知加工特征研究：来自眼动和fNIRS的关联证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(4): 562-569.

Wen ZHANG, Chao KAN, Limin GUO, Zhihe LIU, Yang LIU. A Study on the Cognitive Processing Characteristics of Perceptual Anticipation in Volleyball Players’ Reception of Smashes: Correlated Evidence from Eye Movements and fNIRS[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(4): 562-569.

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	专家组	新手组
人数	男15人；女6人	男12人；女9人
运动等级	运动健将及一级	无
平均年龄(岁)	21.07±1.58	20.53±1.36
平均训练年限(年)	8.27±1.75	1.87±0.53
每周训练频率(小时/周)	10.2±1.5	1.2±1.5

	专家组	新手组
人数	男15人；女6人	男12人；女9人
运动等级	运动健将及一级	无
平均年龄(岁)	21.07±1.58	20.53±1.36
平均训练年限(年)	8.27±1.75	1.87±0.53
每周训练频率(小时/周)	10.2±1.5	1.2±1.5

	专家组		新手组
	M	SD	M	SD
正确率(%)	82.29	6.64	76.52	7.51
反应时(ms)	3472	97	3560	75

	专家组		新手组
	M	SD	M	SD
正确率(%)	82.29	6.64	76.52	7.51
反应时(ms)	3472	97	3560	75

	专家组		新手组
	M	SD	M	SD
瞳孔直径(mm)	2.78	0.32	3.13	0.47
眼跳幅度(°)	3.99	0.45	4.48	0.85