阅读榜样励志故事能改善大学生失败后的行为表现

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

榜样励志故事讲述了榜样在失败后通过努力和坚持终获成功的事例。为考察阅读榜样励志故事对高、低耐挫大学生失败后行为表现的影响，研究1使高、低耐挫大学生经历失败后阅读不同领域榜样(科学家 vs. 楷模)的故事(励志 vs. 成就)。结果发现，与成就故事相比，阅读榜样励志故事能增加大学生失败后的坚持行为和寻求挑战行为。与楷模故事相比，阅读科学家故事能增加大学生失败后的坚持行为。研究2依据耐挫心理模型，将科学家励志故事分为可控、醒悟、坚信和乐观故事，使高、低耐挫大学生经历失败后阅读成就故事或不同内容励志故事。结果发现，与阅读科学家成就故事相比，仅阅读科学家醒悟故事能增加大学生失败后的坚持行为。结果表明，阅读科学家励志故事能改善大学生失败后的行为表现，阅读科学家醒悟故事的效果最佳。

关键词: 耐挫心理, 励志故事, 醒悟, 失败, 坚持行为

Abstract:

Struggle stories of role models describe that the role models make great efforts, overcome a series of setbacks, and ultimately achieve success. The current study aimed to examine the impact of reading struggle stories of role models on the subsequent behavioral performance of undergraduates who had experienced failure. In study 1, undergraduates with high and low levels of perseverance who had experienced failure were randomly assigned to read struggle stories or achievement stories of role models (scientists vs patterns). The results showed that reading struggle stories rather than achievement stories of role models increased the persistence behavior and challenge-seeking behavior of undergraduates after experiencing failure. Reading stories of scientists rather than stories of patterns increased the persistence behavior of undergraduates after experiencing failure. In study 2, based on the model of perseverance, the struggle stories of scientists were divided into stories emphasizing controllability, enlightenment, conviction and optimism. Undergraduates with high and low levels of perseverance who had experienced failure were randomly assigned to read achievement stories or different types of struggle stories. The results showed that only reading stories emphasizing enlightenment increased the persistence behavior of undergraduates after experiencing failure. These findings reveal that undergraduates can benefit from reading struggle stories of scientists. Reading stories emphasizing enlightenment has a unique effect on persistence behavior of undergraduates.

Key words: perseverance, struggle story, enlightenment, failure, persistence behavior

都旭, 冯萌萌, 刘颖, 白学军. 阅读榜样励志故事能改善大学生失败后的行为表现[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 242-250.

Xu DU, Mengmeng FENG, Ying LIU, Xuejun BAI. Reading Struggle Stories of Role Models Can Improve the Behavioral Performance of Undergraduates After Experiencing Failure[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(2): 242-250.

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组别	成就故事				励志故事
	科学家		楷模		科学家		楷模
	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)
高耐挫组	19.97(1.14)	31(18/13)	19.95(1.04)	34(17/17)	19.88(1.01)	33(17/16)	20.00(1.37)	36(17/19)
低耐挫组	19.38(0.72)	36(15/21)	19.76(1.29)	34(15/19)	19.77(1.00)	32(14/18)	19.79(2.10)	34(17/17)

组别	成就故事				励志故事
	科学家		楷模		科学家		楷模
	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)	M_age(SD)	人数(男/女)
高耐挫组	19.97(1.14)	31(18/13)	19.95(1.04)	34(17/17)	19.88(1.01)	33(17/16)	20.00(1.37)	36(17/19)
低耐挫组	19.38(0.72)	36(15/21)	19.76(1.29)	34(15/19)	19.77(1.00)	32(14/18)	19.79(2.10)	34(17/17)

故事组		第一段	第二段、第三段	第四段
科学家	成就故事	科学家重要贡献	科学家生平、主要成就	总结：科学家的重要影响
科学家	励志故事	科学家重要贡献	科学家的科研内容、经历的失败以及失败后的情绪、归因、思考、信念、做法和最终结果	总结：科学家的成功取决于努力
楷模	成就故事	楷模重要贡献	楷模生平、主要成就	总结：楷模的重要影响
楷模	励志故事	楷模重要贡献	楷模的事迹、经历的失败以及失败后的情绪、归因、思考、信念、做法和最终结果	总结：楷模的成功取决于努力

故事组		第一段	第二段、第三段	第四段
科学家	成就故事	科学家重要贡献	科学家生平、主要成就	总结：科学家的重要影响
科学家	励志故事	科学家重要贡献	科学家的科研内容、经历的失败以及失败后的情绪、归因、思考、信念、做法和最终结果	总结：科学家的成功取决于努力
楷模	成就故事	楷模重要贡献	楷模生平、主要成就	总结：楷模的重要影响
楷模	励志故事	楷模重要贡献	楷模的事迹、经历的失败以及失败后的情绪、归因、思考、信念、做法和最终结果	总结：楷模的成功取决于努力

故事	相近性		指导性
故事	M(SD)	t	M(SD)	t
楷模1成就故事	7.88(1.09)	8.73***	2.06(0.68)	−20.22***
楷模1励志故事	2.5(1.10)	−10.95***	7.31(1.25)	5.80***
楷模2成就故事	6.00(1.55)	1.29	4.50(2.48)	−1.62
楷模2励志故事	4.13(1.89)	−2.91*	5.56(1.93)	0.13
楷模3成就故事	7.56(1.21)	6.82***	2.81(0.83)	−12.89***
楷模3励志故事	3.13(0.72)	−13.22***	6.88(0.89)	6.21***
楷模4成就故事	5.63(1.54)	0.32	2.31(1.30)	−9.79***
楷模4励志故事	3.50(1.32)	−6.08***	6.63(1.09)	4.14**
楷模5成就故事	7.63(0.96)	8.88***	2.50(1.10)	−10.95***
楷模5励志故事	2.94(1.00)	−10.27***	6.81(0.91)	5.77***
楷模6成就故事	7.13(1.03)	6.34***	1.87(0.72)	−20.17***
楷模6励志故事	2.44(1.03)	−11.88***	7.81(1.17)	7.93***
楷模7成就故事	7.50(1.27)	6.33***	2.63(0.89)	−12.99***
楷模7励志故事	2.31(0.87)	−14.60***	7.50(0.89)	8.94***