The Relationship Between Job Stress and Job Burnout in Primary and Middle School Teachers: A Chain Mediating Effect of Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.03.018

Abstract

Abstract: The present study used Teacher’s Job Stress Questionnaire, Job Burnout Scale, Emotional Labor Scale, and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire to test 362 primary and middle school teachers and explored the influence mechanism of job stress on job burnout. Results showed that the direct effect of job stress on job burnout was significant; also, job stress influenced job burnout through the mediating effect of emotional labor and job satisfaction. The current study reveals the underlying mechanism and the relationship between job stress and job burnout among primary and middle school teachers, which extends conservation of resources theory and job demand-resource model and provides theoretical implication of how to keep good working state for the primary and middle school teachers.

Key words: job stress, job burnout, emotional labor, job satisfaction

摘要： 为探讨中小学教师的工作压力对职业倦怠的影响机制，采用中小学教师职业压力问卷、教师情绪劳动量表、工作满意度量表、教师职业倦怠量表对中小学教师进行调查，共回收有效问卷362份。结果发现，工作压力可以直接影响职业倦怠，也可以通过情绪劳动和工作满意度的链式中介作用影响职业倦怠。本研究揭示了中小学教师工作压力与职业倦怠的关系及其内在机制，研究结果扩展了资源保存理论和工作需求?资源模型，为中小学教师保持良好的工作状态提供了理论参考。

关键词: 工作压力, 职业倦怠, 情绪劳动, 工作满意度

CLC Number:

B849

LI Peng, ZHANG Zhichao, YANG Yang, YANG Jiaqi, LI Hongyu. The Relationship Between Job Stress and Job Burnout in Primary and Middle School Teachers: A Chain Mediating Effect of Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(3): 412-418.

李鹏, 张志超, 杨洋, 杨佳奇, 李洪玉. 工作压力对中小学教师职业倦怠的影响：情绪劳动和工作满意度的链式中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2022, 20(3): 412-418.

References

成欣欣, 宋萑. (2020). 简析中小学教师情绪劳动. 河北师范大学学报(教育科学版), 22(5), 99–103
董志文, 李冉, 周静. (2020). 物质主义对中小学教师职业倦怠的影响: 社会比较倾向的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 28(2), 274–276, 228.
方杰, 温忠麟, 张敏强, 孙配贞. (2014). 基于结构方程模型的多重中介效应分析. 心理科学, 37(3), 735–741
洪秀敏, 张明珠. (2021). 幼儿园教师情绪劳动类型及其对工作满意度的影响——基于六省市幼儿园教师的潜在剖面分析. 教师教育研究, 33(1), 68–74
金东贤, 邢淑芬, 俞国良. (2008). 教师心理健康对学生发展的影响. 教育研究, (1), 56–59, 98.
李明军. (2012). 中小学教师情绪智力、工作家庭冲突与工作满意度的关系研究. 中国健康心理学杂志, 20(9), 1328–1331
廖化化, 颜爱民. (2015). 情绪劳动的内涵. 管理学报, 12(2), 306–312
刘晓燕, 郝春东, 陈健芷, 崔洪弟. (2007). 组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺和工作满意度的影响——职业延迟满足的中介作用分析. 心理学报, 39(4), 715–722
卢洁丽. (2016). 中小学教师正念、情绪劳动与工作满意度的关系研究(硕士学位论文). 天津师范大学.
马富萍, 张倩霓, 杨柳. (2020). 基于工作要求?资源模型的高校教师职业倦怠产生机理研究——以D高校为例. 管理案例研究与评论, 13(3), 302–314
马淑蕾, 黄敏儿. (2006). 情绪劳动: 表层动作与深层动作, 哪一种效果更好? 心理学报, 38(2), 262–270.
聂晗颖, 甘怡群, 崔婧. (2017). 影院员工工作压力和工作结果的关系——情绪劳动的中介作用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 31(5), 382–388
齐亚静, 伍新春. (2018). 工作要求?资源模型: 理论和实证研究的拓展脉络. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (6), 28–36
佟丽君, 周春淼. (2009). 企业员工工作?家庭冲突对工作和生活满意度的影响——大五人格的调节作用检验. 心理科学, 32(3), 604–606
伍新春, 曾玲娟, 秦宪刚, 郑秋. (2003). 中小学教师职业倦怠的现状及相关因素研究. 心理与行为研究, 1(4), 262–267
邢占军, 褚雷. (2012). 商业银行员工工作压力、社会支持与工作满意感的关系. 中国临床心理学杂志, 20(6), 878–881
姚振东, 凌辉, 张建人, 文雅静, 阳子光, 宁童. (2016). 中小学教师工作压力、工作满意度与职业幸福感的关系. 中国健康心理学杂志, 24(8), 1159–1162
张建人, 阳子光, 凌辉. (2014). 中小学教师工作压力、工作满意度与职业倦怠的关系. 中国临床心理学杂志, 22(5), 920–922
朱从书, 申继亮, 刘加霞. (2002). 中小学教师职业压力源研究. 现代中小学教育, (3), 50–54
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2002). Validation of the maslach burnout inventory-general survey: An internet study. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 15(3), 245–260.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Taris, T. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2003). A multigroup analysis of the job demands-resources model in four home care organizations. International Journal of Stress Management, 10(1), 16–38, doi: 10.1037/1072-5245.10.1.16.
Bakker, A. B., van Veldhoven, M., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2010). Beyond the demand-control model. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(1), 3–16.
Chu, K. H. L., & Murrmann, S. K. (2006). Development and validation of the hospitality emotional labor scale. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1181–1191, doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.011.
Cukur, C. S. (2009). The development of the Teacher Emotional Labor Scale (TELS): Validity and reliability. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 9(2), 559–574.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512, doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499.
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 103–128.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
Hülsheger, U. R., & Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361–389, doi: 10.1037/a0022876.
Li, M. J., & Wang, Z. H. (2016). Emotional labour strategies as mediators of the relationship between public service motivation and job satisfaction in Chinese teachers. International Journal of Psychology, 51(3), 177–184, doi: 10.1002/ijop.12114.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422, doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
Roeser, R. W., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Jha, A., Cullen, M., Wallace, L., Wilensky, R., .. Harrison, J. (2013). Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: Results from two randomized, waitlist-control field trials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 787–804, doi: 10.1037/a0032093.
Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, No. 22). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Industrial Relations Center.
Wu, F. Y., Ren, Z., Wang, Q., He, M. F., Xiong, W. J., & Ma, G. D., ... Zhang, X. M. (2021). The relationship between job stress and job burnout: The mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26(2), 204–211.
Yu, X. B., Wang, P. Y., Zhai, X. S., Dai, H., & Yang, Q. (2015). The effect of work stress on job burnout among teachers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Social Indicators Research, 122(3), 701–708, doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0716-5.

[1]	ZHU Hai, SONG Xiang, ZHOU Yun, YANG Xiaoping, TIAN Zeyong. Influence of Occupational Stress on Subjective Well-Being of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Western Mountainous Areas: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(1): 115-121.
[2]	YAO Chong, HUI Qi, WANG Yuan, XI Haisha, LUO Chaoliang. Research on the Relationship Between Social Support and Job Burnout of Government-Supported Normal Teachers [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(6): 816-823.
[3]	YANG Huai, GONG Shaoying, MIAO Tianchang, LI Weihe. The Relationship Between the Congruence of Boundary Management and the University Counselors’ Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Job Engagement [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(6): 853-860.
[4]	HUANG Mingming, CHEN Liping, GUO Liping, ZHAO Shouying. The Relationship of Work-Family Conflict and Preschool Teachers’ Turnover Intentions: The Sequential Mediating Roles of Professional Identity and Job Burnout [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(5): 679-686.
[5]	WEI Shuhua, ZHAO Jian, DONG Jimei, CHEN Gongxiang. The Relationship Between Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Work-to-Family Enrichment and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Professional Identity and Its Gender Difference [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(1): 125-130,136.
[6]	WANG Qiong, LIU Zhihong, ZHANG Meng. The Impact of Young Police’s Self-Presentation in Social Media on Job Satisfaction: The Effect of Positive Emotions [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(3): 412-418.
[7]	MIAO Peijun, XIE Shanshan, CHEN Zefei, LIAN Rong. The Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Job Burnout in Preschool Teachers: Testing the Mediating Roles of Big Five Personality [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(4): 512-517.
[8]	LIU Jinpei, ZHU Lei, NI Qing. How Does Organizational Climate Effect on Knowledgeable Employee Engagement:Based on the Mediation of Job Burnout [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(3): 394-401.
[9]	LIU Dan, ZHANG Jianxin, ZHANG Mingyan. Relationship between Discipline Inspector's Tolerance of Corruption and Organizational Loyalty [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(1): 130-138.
[10]	WU Guoqiang, GUO Yaning, HUANG Jie, BAO Xuhui, LI Yue. The Effects of Challenge and Hindrance Stressors on Work Engagement and Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategy [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(6): 853-859.
[11]	Lin zange, Lian rong, Deng yuanping, Lin Rongmao. Social Support, Job Burnout and Life Satisfaction in Manufacturing Workers [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(1): 108-112.
[12]	Zhang Gangying, Dong Qian. Employees′ emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: The Mediating Role of Capitalization Support and Emotional Labor [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2016, 14(5): 657-661.
[13]	Hu Qing, Sun Hongwei. The Relationship between Emotional Labor and Mental Health: The Mediate Effect of Job Burnout [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2016, 14(5): 662-667.
[14]	Xuan Xi, Xu Sheng, Chen Ying, Wang Mengjiao, Wu Jie. The Improvment of Dance Therapy on University Counselors [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2016, 14(5): 697-700.
[15]	Li Huanhuan,Li Li,Zou Yingmin,Li Yongna. The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Stress of Chinese University Faculty: A Multidimensional Construct Model of Person-Organization Fit [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(3): 385-390.