The Scale Development and Investigation of the Courtship Forgiveness for College Students

Abstract

Abstract: To develop the questionnaire and investigate the courtship forgiveness of college students, 213 college students from one university in Shanghai were collected in order to develop the questionnaire by the the initial questionnaire, then 556 colleges from Shanghai and Nanjing were collected to test the validity and reliability of the courtship forgiveness questionnaire. Then the questionnaire was used to investigate the courtship forgiveness of college students. The results showed: 1) the final courtship forgiveness of college students questionnaire have four sub-scale, those are retaliation, avoidance, rumination and forgiveness, which accounted for 69.08% of the total variance; 2) the tests of Cronbach ?, split half reliability, retest reliability, structure validity and external validity showed that the questionnaire has perfect validity and reliability; 3) the questionnaire fits the definition of forgiveness; 4) the female students level of courtship forgiveness is significant higher than male students; 5) in China, the college students prefer rumination to revenge in courtship hurt. The courtship forgiveness questionnaire of college students has good validity and reliability, and the courtship forgiveness of Chinese university students is different from western.

Key words: amative forgiveness, college students, develop the questionnaire, distinguishing feature

摘要： 为编制大学生恋爱宽恕问卷并对大学生恋爱宽恕的特点进行研究，采用自编初始问卷对上海某高校的213名在校大学生进行预测，利用完善后的正式问卷对上海和南京两地的556名在校大学生展开正式施测，通过项目分析、探索性因素分析、相关分析、信效度分析等方法对数据进行处理，并利用编制的问卷对大学生的恋爱宽恕特点进行研究。结果显示:(1)编制的《大学生恋爱宽恕问卷》包含报复、回避、宽恕和消极沉思四个维度，可以解释方差总变异的69.08%;(2)内部一致性系数、分半信度、重测信度、结构效度和外部效度均显示编制的问卷具有良好的信效度指标;(3)编制的问卷能够较好地契合宽恕的定义;(4)大学生恋爱宽恕存在性别差异，其中女大学生的宽恕倾向高于男生;(5)面对恋爱中的伤害，中国大学生更多地采用消极深思的应对方式，而较少采用报复的方式。可见，大学生恋爱宽恕问卷信效度均达到了测量学的要求，中国大学生的恋爱宽恕与西方有所不同。

关键词: 恋爱宽恕, 大学生, 问卷编制, 特点

CLC Number:

B841.2

Zhang Tian,Fu Hong. The Scale Development and Investigation of the Courtship Forgiveness for College Students[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2014, 12(2): 220-225.

张田，傅宏. 大学生的恋爱宽恕:问卷编制与特点研究^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2014, 12(2): 220-225.

References

北京市教育委员会. (2011). 北京高校《大学生心理健康》课程教学大纲(征求意见稿). 现代教育报, http://www.modedu.com/ msg/info.php?InfoID=39352.
陆益龙. (2009). “门当户对”的婚姻会更稳吗?——匹配结构与离婚风险的实证分析. 人口研究, 33 (2), 81-91.
顾海根. (1999). 学校心理测量学. 南宁: 广西教育出版社.
陶小月. (2012). 大学生结束恋爱关系决策过程中感情与机会的作用研究. 硕士学位论文, 西南大学.
邱皓政. (2002). 量化研究与统计分析(第2版). 台北: 五南图书公司.
温济聪. (2012). “拇指运动”对异地恋女性大学生情感沟通造成的负面影响与原因初探——以杭州、沈阳地区8所高校异地恋女大学生为例. 浙江传媒学院学报, 19 (2), 14-19.
叶浩生. (2004). 文化模式及其对心理与行为的影响. 心理科学, 27, 1032-1036.
张登浩, 罗琴. (2011). 宽恕性与“大七”人格维度. 中国临床心理学杂志, 19, 100-102.
张田, 孙卉, 傅安球. (2012). 集体主义背景下的宽恕研究及其对心理治疗的启示. 心理科学进展, 20, 265-273.
Berry, J. W., & Worthington, E. L. J. (2001). Forgiveness, relationship quality, stress while imagining relationship events, and physical and mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 447-455.
Enright, R. D., Gassin, E. A., & Wu, C. (1992). Forgiveness: A developmental view. Journal of Moral Education, 2, 99-114.
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: Implications for psychological aggression and constructive communication. Personal Relationships, 9, 239-251.
Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., & Davila, J. (2004). Forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 72-81.
Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., & Davila, J. (2007). Longitudinal Relations Between Forgiveness and Conflict Resolution in Marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 542-545.
Fincham, F. D., Hall, J. H., & Beach, S. R. H. (2005). Til lack of forgiveness doth us part: Forgiveness in marriage. In E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 207-226). New York: Routledge.
Guielford, J. P. (1965). Fundamental statistics in psychology and education. NY: McGraw-Hill.
Hook, J. H., Worthington, E. L. Jr., & Utsey, S. O. (2009). Collectivism, forgiveness, and social harmony. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 821-847.
Hui, E. K. P., & Chau, T. S. (2009). The impact of a forgiveness intervention with Hong Kong Chinese children hurt in interpersonal relationship. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 37, 141-156.
Huston, T. L. (2009). Whats love got to do with it? Why some marriages succeed and others fail. Personal Relationships, 16, 301-327.
McCullough, M. E. (2000). Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 43-55.
McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who does it and how do they do it? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 194-197.
McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). Transgression-related motivational dispositions: Personality substrates of forgiveness and their links to the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1556-1573.
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., et al. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586-1603.
Niehuis, S., Huston, T. L., & Rosenband, R. (2006). From courtship into marriage: A new developmental model and methodological critique. Journal of Family Communication, 6, 23-47.
Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. D. (2009). Measuring offence-specific forgiveness in marriage: The marital offence-specific forgiveness scale (MOFS). Psychological Assessment, 21, 194-209.
Peggy, K., Wertheim, E. H., & Kornblum., J. (2008). Paths to interpersonal forgiveness: The roles of personality, disposition to forgive and contextual factors in predicting forgiveness following a specific offence. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 337-348.
Roberts, R. C. (1995). Forgivingness. American Philosophical Quarterly, 32, 289-306.
Rye, M. S., Loiacono, D. M., & Folck, C. D., et al. (2001). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales. Current Psychology: Develop, Learning, Personality, Social, 20, 260-277.
Rye, M. S., & Pargament, K. I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationship in college: Can it heal the wounded heart. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 419-441.
Worthington, E. L., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Handbook of forgiveness. New York: Brunner-Routledge.

[1]	LI Tiantian, XU Hewen. Self-Concept Clarity and Social Anxiety: Analysis of the Multiple Mediating Effects [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(5): 700-706.
[2]	HAO Xiling, CHEN Xuan, LIU Yiran. The Impact of Fear of Failure on College Students’ Learning from Failure: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(5): 707-713.
[3]	LIU Jianrong, XIE Linjun, ZHENG Lin. The Recognition of Emotional Prosody in College Students with Social Delay [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(5): 714-720.
[4]	LI Jiaojiao, LIU Xiaobing, PEI Dandan, XU Bibo, YIN Xiyang. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and College Students’ Malicious Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(4): 563-569.
[5]	YIN Jing, LI Chuanying, MA Shichao, XU Yujiao, LI Yongsheng. The Relationship Between Personality and Mobile Phone Dependence in College Students: Stress Perception as a Mediator and Gender as a Moderator [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(3): 426-432.
[6]	JIANG Kun, LAN Zebo, SUN Xiaotong, DING Xiaohui, TAO Jiayu. The Influence of Social Support on Academic Self-Efficacy of Hearing-Impaired College Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(1): 96-100.
[7]	YANG Xue, LEI Jianghua. The Regulatory Role of Reading Ability in Phonological Coding of Hearing-Impaired College Students [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(5): 599-605.
[8]	ZHU Yingying, MA Xiaoqing, TANG Zhuoyi, YANG Minqi. Impact of Chronotype on Symptoms of Depression in College Students: A Moderate Mediation Model [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(5): 657-664,694.
[9]	PENG Shun, HU Xiangen. The Relationship Between Stress and Fatigue in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(4): 563-570.
[10]	CHEN Peiyi, CHEN Yu, YANG Xueling. The Mediating Effect of Negative Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on the Relationship Between Zhongyong Thinking and Depressive Symptoms Among College Students [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(4): 571-576.
[11]	PENG Liyi, HU Yiqiu, ZENG Zihao, ZHAN Lin. The Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on College Students’ Depression: The Role of Neurotic Personality and MAOA Gene rs3027407 Polymorphism [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(2): 230-236.
[12]	YAN Guangfen, JIANG Kun, LAN Zebo, DING Xiaohui. The Influence of Social Support on Adaptation of Hearing-Impaired College Students: Mediating Effect of Psychological Resilience [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(2): 252-257.
[13]	WU Xiaojing, GAI Xiaosong, WANG Wen, XIE Xiaochun, WANG Hong, GU Tingyu. Establishing National Norms for the Adolescents’ Well-Being Scale for Chinese Middle School and College Students [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(4): 530-536.
[14]	CHEN Yunxiang, DENG Yanhe, LIU Xiangping. The Relationship Between College Students' Loving Status and Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity: The Mediating Role of Self-Perceived Attractiveness [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(1): 107-112.
[15]	TIAN Hongjie. Effect of High Standards of Perfectionism on College Students’ Procrastination: Chain Mediation Effect Analysis [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(5): 668-674.