Abstract: The present research adopted three sets of materials which contains classification problems of physical subject and the problems can be divided into the type two, type three and type four according to the solution. We investigated 766 middle school students who came from 3 grades in six middle schools in Jinan. The results suggested that the differences of classification representation level were significant between different grades and academic level，showing the trend that increasing with grades. The classification representation level of gifted students were higher than the students with learning difficulties. The gifted students prefer internal classification characterization. As the number of categories of classification task increase, more students tend to use external classification characterization. The difference between different gender in the level of classification representation was not significant, while there was a significant difference in physical performance between different level of classification characterization.

Key words: problem of physical subject, level of classification characterization, middle school student, gifted students, students with learning difficulties

摘要： 以三套分别含有按照解题方法可以分为二类、三类、四类的物理学科问题分类实验材料，对济南市6所中学3个年级766名中学生进行研究，结果表明：不同年级、不同学业水平学生分类表征层次的差异显著，呈现随年级升高而升高的趋势，学优生的水平明显高于学困生，学优生更多地倾向内在分类表征；随着分类任务的类别数量增多，更多学生倾向外在分类表征；不同性别学生的分类表征层次没有显著差异；不同物理学科问题分类表征层次学生的物理成绩之间存在显著差异。

关键词: 物理学科问题, 分类表征层次, 中学生, 学优生, 学困生