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20 March 2015, Volume 13 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Relationship between Interparental Conflict and College Students' Dormitory Interpersonal Conflict: Mediating Effect of Self-Differentiation Deng Linyuan, Liu Dan, Wu Mingming, Fang Xiaoyi 2015, 13(2):  145-152.  Abstract ( )   PDF (858KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed at exploring the influencing mechanism of college students' interparental conflict and self-differentiation on their dormitory interpersonal conflicts. The survey was conducted among 1023 college students from freshmen to senior from 4 universities in Beijing by stratified cluster sampling. Using SPSS19.0 and AMOS17.0, the data indicated that: 1)Overall, the most common method college students used in dormitory interpersonal conflict was cooperation. Obedience and avoidance followed behind, while competition came last. And completion was used more often in boys than girls. 2)Interparental conflict was significantly negatively related to college students' self-differentiation. And interparental conflict was significantly positively related to the three ways of negative dormitory interpersonal conflict(competition, obedience and avoidance), while it had no significant relationship with the positive way(cooperation). 3)Self-differentiation was significantly negatively related to negative dormitory interpersonal conflict(competition, obedience and avoidance). Howerer, only two dimensions of self-differentiation(Emotional Reactivity and I-Position)were significantly positively related to the positive way(cooperation). 4)College students' self-differentiation played a mediating role on the relationship between interparental conflicts and negative dormitory interpersonal conflict, while with significant gender difference in the mediator pattern: self-differentiation played a full mediating role on the relationship between interparental conflicts and girls' negative dormitory interpersonal conflict, while it played a partial mediating role on the relationship between interparental conflict and boys' negative dormitory interpersonal conflict.

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The Association of Parent's Parenting Stress and Children's Oppositional Defiant Symptoms: A Longitudinal study Lin Xiuyun, Li Yanbin, Zhang Yulin, He Jie, Fang Xiaoyi 2015, 13(2):  153-161.  Abstract ( )   PDF (879KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between parents' parenting stress and their children's ODD(oppositional defiant disorder)symptoms via a 2-year longitudinal study. There were 301 pairs of parent-child(child and one of his/her parent)from 14 primary schools in Beijing, Shandong and Yunnan, participating in this 2-year longitudinal study and finishing the questionnaires(e.g., Parenting stress scale, ODD index). Data analysis revealed that: there was a significant positive correlation between parenting stress and parent assessed children's ODD symptoms in the first year, which was also found in the second year; there was a significant positive association between parenting stress of the first year and of the following year, which was also found referring ODD symptoms. Later cross-lagged regression analysis in parenting stress and children's ODD symptoms showed that for boys with ODD symptoms, parenting stress of their parents at the first year positively predicted their ODD symptoms at the second year, while for girls with ODD symptoms, this association was not significant. However, children's ODD symptoms at the first year could not predict parent's parenting stress at the second year for both boys and girls. We concluded that children's ODD symptoms were affected by parent's parenting stress, rather than ODD symptoms impacting on parent's parenting stress.

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The Study on Event-specific Effect and Contexual Effect of Interactive Behavior of Newlywed Couples Ju Xiaoyan, Li Xiaomin, Xie Qinghong, Cao Hongjian, Fang Xiaoyi 2015, 13(2):  162-170.  Abstract ( )   PDF (867KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To examine the different level of event-specific effect and contextual effect of interactive behavior of newlywed couple, 106 newlywed couples were videod when they discuss two problem solving and two social support topics in lab. IFIRS has been used to code couples' behaviors, discussion satisfaction and marital quality has been assessed to representative of event-spcific effect index and contextual effect index accordingly. The result demonstrated that 1)Wives were more negative than their husbands regardless of context, wives have more positive envolvement than husbands in her own problem solving and husbands social support interactions, wives have more positive emotions only in husbands social support context; 2)For event specific effects, wives' negativity have negative impacts on both wives and husbands' interaction satisfaction in husbands' problem solving and wives' social support contexts; husbands' negativity and positive emotions can predict his own interaction satisfaction in expected way when discussion of his own social support and problem solving topic accordingly; husbands' positive involvement can positively predict husbands and wives interaction satisfaction in husbands' problem solving and wives' problem solving context accordingly; 3)For contextual effects, husbands' positive involvement have both actor and actress effects in husbands' problem solving as well as wives' social support interaction, and only have actor effects in both wives' problem solving and husbands' social support contexts; wives positive emotions have positive influence on her own marital quality when discussion of husbands' problem solving topic; husbands' positive emotions as well as negativity can influence wives marital quality in expected way when talk about wives problem solving topic.

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The Relationship between Marital Commitment and Marital Quality: the Mediated Role of Couple's Sacrifice Hou Juan, Fang Xiaoyi, Xie Qinghong, Cao Hongjian 2015, 13(2):  171-178.  Abstract ( )   PDF (761KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The relationship between marital commitment and marital quality is an important issue in the field of marriage research in recent years. Commitment is a will to keep the marriage, which will lead to sacrifice in the marriage. However, the impact of commitment and sacrifice on marital quality are not consistent. So whether the contradictory influence of sacrifice on marital quality would lead to the inconsistent conclusions about the relationship between marital commitment and marital quality? Previous studies have not yet been discussed. Therefore, we recruited 389 couples in Beijing, and all couples fulfilled the self-report questionnaires on marital commitment, sacrifice and marital quality questionnaires. Based on the study, we investigated the relationship among marital commitment, sacrifice and marital quality, and how sacrifice works between marital commitment and marital quality. By t test, correlation, regression and analysis of variance model structure, the results showed that: 1)The perception of husband in marital commitment and marital quality was significantly higher than that of his wife; and husband reported more sacrifice behavior on the ″action service″ than wife. 2)It was a significant prediction that marital commitment to the frequency of sacrifice and marital quality, while wife's marital commitment significantly predicted husband's marital. 3)Husband's sacrifice played a completely mediated role in the path of marital commitment predicted marital quality. At the same time, the sacrifice of husband could significantly predict wife's marital quality, while wife's sacrifice didn't have either direct or indirect effect on both spouse's marital quality. Therefore, husband's sacrifice had a crucial effect on marital relationship.

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The Relationship among in-law Relations, Partner Support under Conflicts with in-laws and Marital Quality Yuan Xiaojiao, Fang Xiaoyi, Deng Linyuan, Lin Xiuyun 2015, 13(2):  179-184.  Abstract ( )   PDF (611KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the relationship between in-law relations and marital quality, and test the moderating effect of partner support under conflicts with in-laws, 341 couples were surveyed by questionnaires. Results: 1)The relationship between couples and their parents in-law belonged to superior middling. Comparing to husbands, wives reported worse relationship with parents in-law and less partner support under conflicts with in-laws. 2)Both husbands and wives' relationship with in-laws predicted their own marital quality positively, and husbands' relationship with in-laws predicted their wives' marital quality positively. 3)Wives' perceived partner support under conflicts with in-laws played a moderating role on the relationship between in-law relations and their marital quality.

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The Relationship among in-law Relations, Partner Support under Conflicts with in-laws and Marital Quality Yuan Xiaojiao, Fang Xiaoyi, Deng Linyuan, Lin Xiuyun 2015, 13(2):  185-190.  Abstract ( )   PDF (590KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To investigate the relationship between in-law relations and marital quality, and test the moderating effect of partner support under conflicts with in-laws, 341 couples were surveyed by questionnaires. Results: 1)The relationship between couples and their parents in-law belonged to superior middling. Comparing to husbands, wives reported worse relationship with parents in-law and less partner support under conflicts with in-laws. 2)Both husbands and wives' relationship with in-laws predicted their own marital quality positively, and husbands' relationship with in-laws predicted their wives' marital quality positively. 3)Wives' perceived partner support under conflicts with in-laws played a moderating role on the relationship between in-law relations and their marital quality.

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The Effect of Emotional Context and Expectation on Social Economic Decision-making Wang Qin, Bai Xuejun, Li Shiyi 2015, 13(2):  191-197.  Abstract ( )   PDF (679KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the present study, we extended social expectation effects research by examining the influence of induced task-irrelevant emotional context and its positive or negative valence on this decision bias. This question was investigated by inducing 2 basic emotional states(amusement or sadness)that were compared with a neutral-emotion control group. Decision making was assessed with a well-studied social task, the Ultimatum Game. The results revealed that: 1)negative and neutral emotional contexts had no significant effect on social expectations, whereby those with high expectation rejecting significantly more unfair offers than those participants who expected low offers in the UG. 2)positive emotional context played an important role in biasing expectation effects on social interactive decision-making. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a task-irrelevant positive emotional context can have a significant impact on social decision-making. Specifically, social expectation no longer affected subjects' decision-making following exposure to emotionally pleasant movie clip.

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Reversing the Emotion Congruent Memory on Prospective Memory Li Fang, Zhang Haiyan, Tian Rui, Ding Liang 2015, 13(2):  198-204.  Abstract ( )   PDF (629KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study used ″dual task″ paradigm to investigate the emotion congruent memory and the theoretical models of prospective memory. The participants were induced sad, happy or neutral emotion state with the particular film, and then performed the ongoing task and the prospective memory task about emotional words. The results replicated the reverse emotion congruent memory of prospective memory, which the participants' performances of prospective memory were better when the valence of emotional words was evaluated incongruent with the emotion state than when it was congruent with the emotion state. The noticing-search model may explain our results.

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The Influence of Color on Visual Search Based on Time Hao Fang，Liu Changjiang 2015, 13(2):  205-210.  Abstract ( )   PDF (494KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The aim of the study was to examine whether the inhibition based on the colors of old items would occur, and whether the non-inhibition mechanism could explain the preview benefits in prioritizing selection in preview search based on time. In this experiment, three conditions which were all preview search conditions were included. The most obvious differences of the three conditions were that the color of targets was different for each condition. The results showed that the performances of green target were not slower than the blue target. Instead, the search performance of the green target was faster than that of the blue one and was the same as that of the yellow one. Therefore, the results did not seem to support visual marking hypothesis which emphasizes the inhibition of the old items, regardless of location-based or feature-based inhibition. Based on these findings, the top-down mechanism of non-inhibition processing of prioritizing selection in preview search was reinforced.

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How Knowledge Background Affects Category Learning on College Students: An Eye Tracking Study Yang Weigang, Chen Wanru, Wang Youzhi, Song Baoping 2015, 13(2):  211-216.  Abstract ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Categorization is critically important, because it reduces demands on memory and allows individuals to focus on important aspects of objects while ignoring irrelevant details. This study, under the target matching paradigm, through the eye tracking recording for separation of the category learning process, examines the different category learning process of 68 arts and science college students with the hand-painted black and white picture materials of real-life objects and scenes relationship. The results show that background knowledge has an effect on college students' category learning process and its main role in category learning processing for the first time. The arts students in the first processing distribute more attention to the problem area than the options area, while science students distribute equally attention to both areas. The arts students relative to the science students can earlier notice the correct option. The arts students emphasis on upper concept generalization(target concept of problem area)and comparison between the lower and upper concepts(options for classification concept and target concept), while the science students more emphasis on the comparison between the same levels of concepts.

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The Nature of Word Spurt: An Empirical Study of Naming Insight Zeng Tao, Lu Qing, Liu Rongfeng, Zhou Jie 2015, 13(2):  217-224.  Abstract ( )   PDF (768KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on the longitudinal data of five Mandarin-speaking children as well as controlled experiments, this paper aims to explore the nature of word spurt by an empirical study on naming insight. Results show that word spurt is closely related to naming insight. And the onset of naming insight marks an establishment of children's word-referent mapping ability, which is a crucial mechanism underlying word spurt. In addition, a theoretical model is established to interpret the nature of word spurt.

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Eye Movement Study on the Perceptual Span of Chinese Fifth Graders While Reading English Li Yunjing, Zhang Hongkui, Bai Liu, Wang Yue, Cheng Xiaoyun, Fang Hongwei, Yan Guoli 2015, 13(2):  225-229.  Abstract ( )   PDF (538KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Eyelink-2000 eye tracker and the eye-movement-contingent display change technique were used in this study to explore the perceptual span of Chinese fifth graders in reading English. 24 participants's eye movements were recorded as they were reading. The study found that the English perceptual span of the Chinese fifth graders was 5-8 character spaces to the right of the fixation.

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The Cross-cultural Study on Children′s State Social Creativity: The Difference between China and the United States Gu Chuanhua, Zhang Dongjing, Yeh Hsueh, Xiangen Hu 2015, 13(2):  230-236.  Abstract ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The Open-ended Questionnaires of State Social Creativity and Structured Teachers′ Leadership Style Questionnaires were adopted to 236 children sampled from middle areas of China and the United States to investigate the cultural difference in their state social creativity and its relations to class teachers′ leadership style. The results indicated that, generally the U. S. children tended to have higher creative thinking ability including fluency and flexibility in social problem solving, and Chinese children tended to exhibit higher social abilities and personality state including appropriateness, validity, and risk-taking; significant interaction of country with grade was found on general state social creativity, and the U. S. children of the fourth grade scored higher than those of the fifth grade; none of dimensions of teacher′s leadership style could significantly predict children′s state social creativity solely. Both similarity and difference in state social creativity existed between the U. S. children and Chinese children.

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Different Evaluative Feedback Sign Effect on College Students'Learning Motivation and Achievement Yang Chun, Lu Haidong 2015, 13(2):  237-241.  Abstract ( )   PDF (469KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore different Evaluative feedback sign effect on college students' learning motivation and achievement, this research conduct a classroom experiment. A Pre-post test design with a control group(individual feedback, social feedback, criterial feedback, no feedback)was adopted and 40 college students was attended in this research. The result revealed that: 1)achievement increased with time, criterial feedback had the best results in learning achievement, the other three group didn't show any difference, no interaction between evaluative feedback and learning motivation; 2)criterial feedback had the best results in learning motivaiton, the other three group didn't show any difference.

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Positive Cognition Moderate the Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Sleep Problems among Children Survivors after Wenchuan Earthquake Zhou Xiao, Wu Xinchun 2015, 13(2):  242-250.  Abstract ( )   PDF (686KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To examine the relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), positive cognition and sleep problems, the present investigated 844 pupils 30 months after Wenchuan earthquake by using Traumatic Exposure Questionnaire, Revised Child PTSD Symptom Scale, Coping Style Inventory and Child Behavior Problems Questionnaire. After the degree of traumatic expose, the results found that the global PTSD and it's specific symptom clusters have significantly positive effect on sleep problems, and the positive cognition have no significant predictive effect on sleep problems. In addition, the results also suggest that positive cognition don't moderate the relationship between intrusive symptoms of PTSD and sleep problems as well as hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD and sleep problems, but the positive cognition moderate the global PTSD and it's avoidance symptoms. Specifically speaking, comparative to individual with high positive cognition, the global PTSD and it's avoidance symptoms have stronger predictive utility for sleep problems among the individual with fewer positive cognition.

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Effect of Moral Disengagement on Adolescents' Externalizing Problem Behavior: Moderated Mediating Effect Liu Yu, Tang Wei, Zhang Yuan, Liu Fang 2015, 13(2):  251-257.  Abstract ( )   PDF (725KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics A survey was conducted among 1,030 students aged from 12 to 21 years old to examine the effects of contact with bad media, moral disengagement, and empathy on adolescents' externalizing problem behavior. The Structural Equation Model is used in the analysis on the survey results. The findings indicate that: 1)the level of adolescents' externalizing problem behavior increases as they age, which is significantly higher in early adolescence than that in middle and late adolescence. There is no significant difference of externalizing problem behavior between male and female students in their early adolescence. However, male students get significantly higher scores than female students do in externalizing problem behavior scale when they enter middle and late adolescence. 2)moral disengagement partially mediates the correlation between contact with bad media and adolescents' externalizing problem behavior, and the mediating effect of moral disengagement is further moderated by empathy. That is to say, moral disengagement, as a moderated mediator, has an effect on adolescents' externalizing problem behavior.

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The Effects of Organizational Culture Preview on M&A Performance Shi Kan, Lin Zhenlin, Yang Chengjun, Yao Ziping 2015, 13(2):  258-265.  Abstract ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on realistic merger preview we proposed the concept organizational culture preview(OCP)to examine its positive effect on post-merger performance. One hundred and twenty graduate students participated in an experiment which was based on the paradigm of Weber and Camerer (2003). They were randomly arranged to bilateral-OCP group, unilateral-OCP group, or none-OCP group. The results showed that:(1)OCP had positive effect on the postmerger performance. To be specific，bilateral OCP significantly facilitated the postmerger performance of both acquiring, acquired group and also the new group while unilateral OCP did not.(2)OCP took effects majorly on the early stage of postmerger. These results provide the practitioners with empirical support on the applying OCP to M&A integration.

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Level of Classification Characterization in the Problem of Physical Subject for Middle School Students Zhang Jinbao, Li Xiaoxiao, Yin Guo'en 2015, 13(2):  266-270.  Abstract ( )   PDF (439KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present research adopted three sets of materials which contains classification problems of physical subject and the problems can be divided into the type two, type three and type four according to the solution. We investigated 766 middle school students who came from 3 grades in six middle schools in Jinan. The results suggested that the differences of classification representation level were significant between different grades and academic level，showing the trend that increasing with grades. The classification representation level of gifted students were higher than the students with learning difficulties. The gifted students prefer internal classification characterization. As the number of categories of classification task increase, more students tend to use external classification characterization. The difference between different gender in the level of classification representation was not significant, while there was a significant difference in physical performance between different level of classification characterization.

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Quantitative Characteristics of Marital Autobiographical Memory: Effects of Time and Attachment Style Jia Menghua, Yang Xiaoyang, Wang Dahua 2015, 13(2):  271-277.  Abstract ( )   PDF (683KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Convenient sampling is used in communities of Beijing and 599 participants were recruited(mean age=67.50±5.1 years, mean marriage time=41.9±6.5 years). They were required to complete a 5-minute quick-memory-recall interview of autobiographical memory and the Older Adults’Marital Attachment Scale. Quantitative characteristics of marital autobiographical memory were explored from the impacts of time distribution, emotional valence and attachment style. Results showed that: 1)The distribution of positive marital autobiographical memory over family life cycle among older adults shows an approximately U-shaped curve, indicating that there exists newly marriage effect and recency effect. However, the distribution of negative marital autobiographical memory doesn't show recency effect; 2)The number of positive events recalled by the old adults is greater than negative ones, indicating a ″positivity preference″ of old adults in marital autobiographical memory; 3)Attachment style may have an effect on quantitative characteristics of marital autobiographical memory: individuals with secure, preoccupied and dismissive attachment styles all report more positive events than negative ones, whereas there is no difference between the number of positive events and negative events for individuals with fearful attachment style.

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Relations of the Family Environment, Major Satisfaction and Mental Health of the Freshmen Sang Zhiqin, Fu Gan 2015, 13(2):  278-282.  Abstract ( )   PDF (507KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the effect of their family environments and the major satisfaction on the mental health of freshmen. The UPI surveys were conducted on the 3191 freshmen of grade 2013 from Nanjing University. Then we constructed regression model to analysis the influences of family environment factors such as family origin, family income, whether one-child or not, and cognition of family growth environment, as well as major satisfaction on the college Freshmen's mental health. Both of the family environment factors and major satisfaction significantly affect the level of mental health of freshmen.

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The Relationship between Aggressive Behavior of Violent Criminals and Anxiety: The Moderating Role of CU Traits Yang Jinke, Xiao Yuqin, Yang Bo 2015, 13(2):  283-287.  Abstract ( )   PDF (178KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study uses the impulsiveness/premeditated aggression scale, the inventory of callous-unemotional traits and trait anxiety scale, with certain medium prison of Shandong province 341 adult violence prisoners as subjects to study the relationship between two kinds of attack, CU traits level and trait anxiety. The results showed that: 1)the CU traits level and two kinds of attacks are related, and negatively correlated with trait anxiety, trait anxiety level can be used to predict impulsive aggression of adult violent criminals. 2)individual CU traits level can adjust the relationship between trait anxiety and impulsive aggression, incorporate is: the effect of trait anxiety on impulsive aggression for low CU traits level individuals is more than that of high CU traits level individuals.