Mental Arithmetic Performance of Children with Different Approximate Number System Acuity: Effect of Mental Arithmetic Forms

Abstract

Abstract: One hundred and twelve second graders from a primary school (8-to 9-year-old) participated in measuring approximate number system acuity, working memory and mental arithmetic accuracy and reaction time. With working memory as a covariate, the influence of different mental arithmetic forms (watching calculation, reading calculation) on mental arithmetic performance of children with different acuity of ANS was explored. Results showed that 1) mental arithmetic forms had a significant effect on mental arithmetic accuracy. Children who used reading calculation had the best performance; 2) after controlling the effect of working memory, when using watching calculation, the accuracy of mental arithmetic in children with high ANS acuity was higher than those with low ANS acuity. However, when using reading calculation, children with different ANS acuity had no significant difference on the accuracy of mental arithmetic. The above findings imply that reading calculation may be one of effective ways to improve the performance of mental arithmetic for children with low ANS acuity.

Key words: lower grade of primary school, approximate number system, working memory, mental arithmetic forms

摘要： 选取112名二年级小学生，以点阵比较任务测量近似数量系统敏锐度，同时以工作记忆测验成绩为协变量，探究了不同心算形式（视算、读算）对不同近似数量系统敏锐度儿童心算表现的潜在影响。结果显示：（1）心算形式显著影响心算的正确率，读算形式下儿童的心算表现最好；（2）控制工作记忆影响后，心算形式与近似数量系统敏锐分组均对心算正确率影响显著。总体来讲，读算可能是提高小学儿童简单心算表现的有效形式，并能提高低近似数量系统敏锐度儿童的心算表现。

关键词: 小学低学段儿童, 近似数量系统, 工作记忆, 心算形式

CLC Number:

B842

ZONG Zheng, LI Hongxia, SI Jiwei. Mental Arithmetic Performance of Children with Different Approximate Number System Acuity: Effect of Mental Arithmetic Forms[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(4): 505-511.

宗正, 李红霞, 司继伟. 心算形式对不同近似数量系统敏锐度儿童心算表现的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(4): 505-511.

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