Effects of Social Distance and Gender on Fairness Consideration

Abstract

Abstract: The present study explored whether social distance and gender of recipients could influence their fairness consideration during a one-shot anonymous Ultimatum Game (UG). The experimental design was a 2×3×5 mixed factorial design, comprising the between-subject factors (gender: female, male) and the within-subject factors (social distance: self, friend, stranger) and offer type (1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6, 5/5). Forty-two adults participated as recipients in the UG and made decisions for themselves, their friends and strangers. The results found that: 1) compared to deciding for themselves and friends, female participants accepted a more unfair offer (1/9, 2/8, 3/7) when deciding for strangers, and the interaction between social distance and offer type was not significant among male participants; 2) participants' reaction times of these unequal offers decreased as the social distance became more distant, while the equal offer's reaction times did not influence by social distance; 3) when deciding for strangers, female's acceptance threshold was lower than male's acceptance threshold, while the acceptance threshold had no significant gender differences when deciding for themselves or friends.

Key words: social distance, gender difference, ultimatum game

摘要： 本研究使用单次匿名最后通牒博弈任务，采用2（性别: 男性, 女性）×3（社会距离: 自我决策, 替朋友决策, 替他人决策）×5（提议类型: 1/9, 2/8, 3/7, 4/6, 5/5）的混合实验设计，通过操作反应者的不同社会距离，考察资产分配情境下自我-他人决策的性别差异。研究结果发现：（1）相比于自我决策和替朋友决策，女性被试替他人决策时更愿意接受提议1/9，2/8和3/7，而提议4/6和5/5的接受率不受社会距离的影响；男性被试中社会距离和提议类型的交互作用不显著；（2）不平等提议的反应时随社会距离增加而逐渐降低，而平等提议的反应时不受社会距离的调节；（3）替他人决策时女性的接受阈限显著低于男性，而自我决策及替朋友决策时接受阈限不存在性别差异。

关键词: 社会距离, 性别差异, 最后通牒博弈

CLC Number:

B844.2

ZHANG Zhen, QI Chunhui, FU Shuying, WANG Qingchun, XIONG Jianping. Effects of Social Distance and Gender on Fairness Consideration[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(1): 100-106.

张振, 齐春辉, 付淑英, 王青春, 熊建萍. 社会距离和性别对公平关注的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(1): 100-106.

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