Psychological Entitlement and Online Cheating Behavior in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model

Abstract

Abstract: Based on the limited resource model of self-control, the present study investigated the relationship between psychological entitlement and online cheating behavior and its inner mechanism. A sample of 738 college students, who had experience in Internet use, was recruited to fill in the psychological entitlement scale, implicit theories of personality (ITP) scale, a short version of ego depletion scale and the scale for adolescent Internet deviance. The results showed that: 1) psychological entitlement positively predicted online cheating behavior while controlling the gender; 2) ego depletion partially mediated the association between psychological entitlement and online cheating behavior; 3) ITP moderated the first path of the mediating effect of ego depletion, to be more specific, the relationship between psychological entitlement and ego depletion was stronger for students who were entity theorists than for those who were incremental theorists.

Key words: psychological entitlement, ego depletion, implicit theories of personality, online cheating behavior

摘要： 基于有限自制力理论探讨了心理特权对网络欺骗行为的影响及作用机制，采用心理特权量表、简版自我损耗量表、内隐人格理论量表和青少年网络偏差行为量表对738名大学生进行调查。结果发现：（1）在控制性别的条件下，心理特权显著正向预测网络欺骗行为；（2）心理特权通过自我损耗的中介作用间接预测网络欺骗行为；（3）内隐人格观调节心理特权通过自我损耗预测网络欺骗行为的前半路径，具体来说，相对于渐变论的大学生，实体论大学生的心理特权更多地通过自我损耗影响其网络欺骗行为。

关键词: 心理特权, 自我损耗, 内隐人格观, 网络欺骗行为

CLC Number:

B849

DING Qian, LIU Yilin, ZHANG Yongxin, ZHOU Zongkui. Psychological Entitlement and Online Cheating Behavior in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(4): 537-543.

丁倩, 刘祎琳, 张永欣, 周宗奎. 心理特权与大学生网络欺骗行为：有调节的中介效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(4): 537-543.

References

白宝玉, 孙闰松, 胡巧, 张雁军. (2017). 心理特权: 概念、测量及相关研究. 心理科学进展, 25(6), 1025-1035
丁倩, 唐云, 魏华, 张永欣, 周宗奎. (2018). 相对剥夺感与大学生网络游戏成瘾的关系: 一个有调节的中介模型. 心理学报, 50(9), 1041-1050
雷雳, 李冬梅. (2008). 青少年网上偏差行为的研究. 中国信息技术教育, (10), 5-11
聂衍刚, 利振华, 窦凯, 毛兰平. (2018). 累了会说谎? 自我损耗削弱诚信行为及其缓解机制. 心理与行为研究, 16(4), 525-533, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2018.04.014
牛更枫, 周宗奎, 孙晓军, 范翠英. (2015). 网络匿名性和同伴网络偏差行为对大学生网络偏差行为的影响: 自我控制的调节作用. 中国特殊教育, (11), 73-78, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2015.11.013
欧阳林依, 许燕, 高树青. (2018). 内隐人格观对承诺升级的影响——成功期望的中介效应. 心理学探新, 38(5), 457-463
谭树华, 许燕, 王芳, 宋婧. (2012). 自我损耗: 理论、影响因素及研究走向. 心理科学进展, 20(5), 715-725
王墨耘, 傅小兰. (2003). 内隐人格理论的实体论-渐变论维度研究述评. 心理科学进展, 11(2), 153-159
杨继平, 王兴超, 高玲. (2015). 道德推脱对大学生网络偏差行为的影响: 道德认同的调节作用. 心理发展与教育, 31(3), 311-318
张炎. (2013). 大学生网络偏差行为与感觉寻求、成本–收益分析及网络成瘾的关系研究(硕士学位论文). 华中科技大学, 武汉.
Brouer, R. L., Harris, K. J., & Kacmar, K. M. (2011). The moderating effects of political skill on the perceived politics-outcome relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(6), 869-885, doi: 10.1002/job.718.
Cai, H. J., Kwan, V. S. Y., & Sedikides, C. (2012). A sociocultural approach to narcissism: The case of modern China. European Journal of Personality, 26(5), 529-535, doi: 10.1002/per.852.
Campbell, W. K., Bonacci, A. M., Shelton, J., Exline, J. J., & Bushman, B. J. (2004). Psychological entitlement: Interpersonal consequences and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(1), 29-45, doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8301_04.
Chen, V. H. H., & Ong, J. (2018). The rationalization process of online game cheating behaviors. Information, Communication & Society, 21(2), 273-287.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256-273, doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256.
Fehr, R., Yam, K. C., He, W., Chiang, J. T. J., & Wei, W. (2017). Polluted work: A self-control perspective on air pollution appraisals, organizational citizenship, and counterproductive work behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 143, 98-110, doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.02.002.
Fisk, G. M., & Neville, L. B. (2011). Effects of customer entitlement on service workers’ physical and psychological well-being: A study of waitstaff employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(4), 391-405, doi: 10.1037/a0023802.
Gino, F., Schweitzer, M. E., Mead, N. L., & Ariely, D. (2011). Unable to resist temptation: How self-control depletion promotes unethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 191-203, doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.001.
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 366-385, doi: 10.1037/a0021847.
Greenberger, E., Lessard, J., Chen, C. S., & Farruggia, S. P. (2008). Self-entitled college students: Contributions of personality, parenting, and motivational factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(10), 1193-1204, doi: 10.1007/s10964-008-9284-9.
Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2010). Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 495-525, doi: 10.1037/a0019486.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
Joinson, A. N. (2003). Understanding the psychology of Internet behaviour: Virtual worlds, real lives. New York: Macmillan.
King, W. C., Jr., & Miles, E. W. (1994). The measurement of equity sensitivity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67(2), 133-142, doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00556.x.
Laird, M. D., Harvey, P., & Lancaster, J. (2015). Accountability, entitlement, tenure, and satisfaction in generation Y. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(1), 87-100, doi: 10.1108/JMP-08-2014-0227.
Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Barnes, C. M. (2014). Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124(1), 11-23, doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001.
Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1995). Love at first byte? Building personal relationships over computer networks. In J. T. Wood & S. Duck (Eds.), Understudied relationships: Off the beaten track (pp. 197-233). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lessard, J., Greenberger, E., Chen, C. S., & Farruggia, S. (2011). Are youths’ feelings of entitlement always “bad”? : Evidence for a distinction between exploitive and non-exploitive dimensions of entitlement. Journal of Adolescence, 34(3), 521-529, doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.05.014.
Liu, C. H., Chiu, F. C., Chen, H. C., & Lin, C. Y. (2014). Helpful but insufficient: Incremental theory on challenge-confronting tendencies for students who fear being laughed at. Motivation and Emotion, 38(3), 367-377, doi: 10.1007/s11031-013-9386-x.
Plaks, J. E., Stroessner, S. J., Dweck, C. S., & Sherman, J. W. (2001). Person theories and attention allocation: Preferences for stereotypic versus counterstereotypic information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6), 876-893, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.876.
Poon, K. T., Chen, Z. S., & DeWall, C. N. (2013). Feeling entitled to more: Ostracism increases dishonest behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(9), 1227-1239, doi: 10.1177/0146167213493187.
Snow, J. N., Kern, R. M., & Curlette, W. L. (2001). Identifying personality traits associated with attrition in systematic training for effective parenting groups. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 9(2), 102-108, doi: 10.1177/1066480701092003.
Tolmacz, R., & Mikulincer, M. (2011). The sense of entitlement in romantic relationships—Scale construction, factor structure, construct validity, and its associations with attachment orientations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28(1), 75-94, doi: 10.1037/a0021479.
Udris, R. (2017). Psychological and social factors as predictors of online and offline deviant behavior among Japanese adolescents. Deviant Behavior, 38(7), 792-809, doi: 10.1080/01639625.2016.1197689.
Yeager, D. S., Lee, H. Y., & Jamieson, J. P. (2016). How to improve adolescent stress responses: Insights from integrating implicit theories of personality and biopsychosocial models. Psychological Science, 27(8), 1078-1091, doi: 10.1177/0956797616649604.
Zitek, E. M., Jordan, A. H., Monin, B., & Leach, F. R. (2010). Victim entitlement to behave selfishly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 245-255, doi: 10.1037/a0017168.

[1]	LI Wenfu, ZHAI Jicun, LI Qingqing, CHEN Jingting. The Effect of Ego Depletion on the Prototype Elicitation Effects of Scientific Innovation Problems Solving [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(5): 677-683.
[2]	REN Yaping, SUN Yan, ZHAO Xuesong. The Influence of Ego Depletion on Self-Other Risk Decision-Making Under Different Task Frames [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(6): 750-756.
[3]	NIE Yangang, LI Zhenhua, DOU Kai, MAO Lanping. Will Fatigue Lead to Lie? Ego Depletion Weaken Honest Behavior and its Mitigation Mechanism [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(4): 525-533.
[4]	Yu Bin, Liu Huijun, Yue Guo′an. The Relation Between Working Memory Capacity and Ego Depletion [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2016, 14(5): 577-583.
[5]	Cui Yichen,Wang Pei. Effect of Implicit Theories of Personality on Person Perception [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(1): 44-51.