The Directed Forgetting of Negative Words in Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests

Abstract

Abstract: The experiment examined the directed forgetting effect of negative memories in explicit and implicit test by means of word method. We used two kinds of negative emotional words, negative ones and more negative ones, as materials. The results showed: 1)In the explicit memory tests, there was significant directed forgetting effect. And, the directed forgetting effect appeared in the negative emotional words was greater than that in the more negative ones. 2)In the implicit memory tests, there was also significant directed forgetting effect observed, but only in the negative emotional words. Accordingly, implicit memory test was more sensitive to the valence of the negative words than the explicit memory test.

Key words: negative emotion, implicit memory test, explicit memory test, directed forgetting effect

摘要： 以两类具有不同负性情绪强度值的高频汉语双字词为材料,采用项目法定向遗忘范式,探究负性情绪词语在外显和内隐记忆测验中是否存在定向遗忘效应。结果显示,（1）在外显记忆测验中,强、弱负性词均出现了显著的定向遗忘并且弱负性词的定向遗忘效应大于强负性词;（2）在内隐记忆测验中,只有弱负性词出现了显著的定向遗忘,而强负性词则无。可见,内隐记忆测验中的定向遗忘效应对负性信息比外显记忆测验更加敏感。

关键词: 负性情绪, 外显记忆测验, 内隐记忆测验, 定向遗忘效应

CLC Number:

B842.5

Wang Lijing,Yang Lixian. The Directed Forgetting of Negative Words in Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(1): 13-17.

王黎静,杨丽娴. 负性情绪词语在外显和内隐记忆测验中的定向遗忘效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2015, 13(1): 13-17.

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