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20 January 2015, Volume 13 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Influence of Abstract Nouns on the Self-Choice Effect under Different Retrieval Conditions Zhou Aibao,Ren Deyun,Xia Ruixue,Li Shifeng,Xu Kepeng,Li Mingjuan 2015, 13(1):  1-6.  Abstract ( )   PDF (687KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The neutral abstract nouns were used to explore the self choice effect(SCE)under the tests of recognition and free recall. Study1, free choice and force choice paradigm was used to investigate the abstract nouns affect on SCE under the condition of recognition. Furthermore, Study2 used the ways of self-choice and other choice to examine the SCE under the test of free recall. The results shown that both the recognition and free recall tests demonstrated the superior memory performance observed when the abstract nouns chosen by the participants than force chosen and other chosen. Therefore, The SCE under the condition of free recall at least on the level of abstract nouns.

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The Processing Difference on the Facial Expression Pictures with Different Valence Sui Xue,Ji Yating,Chen Xin,Ren Guiqin 2015, 13(1):  7-12.  Abstract ( )   PDF (676KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The experiment adopted the independent present paradigm to show positive and negative valence facial expression pictures to explore the differences between the recognition of positive and negative valence facial expressions pictures. The presentation time and the position of cue-target were controlled, and the eye-tracker was used to record the indexes of eye movement in the identification process. Results were as follows: 1)On the recognition speed and accuracy rate part, positive facial expression pictures′ processing exceeded the processing of negative facial expressions pictures, which showed the positive expression advantage. 2)The presentation time did not change the difference between the processing of positive and negative valence facial expressions pictures.3)There was a position effect of cues that cues around the mouth would contribute to the facial expression recognition. 4)The facial expression recognition followed the “eye-to-mouth-to-eye” principle. The consequence suggests that the processing mechanism of different facial expression is different; the effect is less in the depth of processing than the hint position.

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The Directed Forgetting of Negative Words in Explicit and Implicit Memory Tests Wang Lijing,Yang Lixian 2015, 13(1):  13-17.  Abstract ( )   PDF (584KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The experiment examined the directed forgetting effect of negative memories in explicit and implicit test by means of word method. We used two kinds of negative emotional words, negative ones and more negative ones, as materials. The results showed: 1)In the explicit memory tests, there was significant directed forgetting effect. And, the directed forgetting effect appeared in the negative emotional words was greater than that in the more negative ones. 2)In the implicit memory tests, there was also significant directed forgetting effect observed, but only in the negative emotional words. Accordingly, implicit memory test was more sensitive to the valence of the negative words than the explicit memory test.

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Using a Memory Paradigm to Test the Nature of Representation of Sex Roles within Long-Term Memory Yang Zhixin,Wang Yulin 2015, 13(1):  18-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (745KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using a memory paradigm, an experiment were conducted to investigate potential gender differences in the self-reference effect, and to test whether the nature of representation of the self within long-term memory is different between two gender groups. The experiment was a 2(subject)×2(material)×2(processing task)factorial design. The results of the experiment showed that the recall performance of self-reference task was significantly higher than that of semantic processing task, thus confirming the self-reference effect of memory processing. In the two encoding conditions, the recall performances about masculine and feminine traits have an interaction, that is, in the self-reference condition, men′s recall performance about masculine traits was more than that about feminine traits, women′s recall performance about feminine traits was more than that about masculine traits; while in the semantic processing condition, no matter for men or women, the recall performances about masculine and feminine traits showed no significant difference.

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The Gender Difference of FNE: Based on The Comparison of Implicit And Explicit Measurement Lan Xiaofang,Zhang Jinkun 2015, 13(1):  25-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (705KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To make clear the gender differences of fear of negative evaluation(FNE), implicit and explicit combination measurement methods were used to conduct a detailed comparison. 72 college students participated the study, each of them completed both BIAT test and the brief negative fear scale. The results showed that, First, there is no significant correlation between implicit fear of negative evaluation and explicit fear of negative evaluation, which mean that the experimental separation happened. Second, there is no significant gender differences in college students′ fear of negative evaluation. Third, there is significant difference between different gender subjects,implicit and explicit fear of negative evaluation, with male′s explicit fear of negative evaluation being lower than implicit fear of negative evaluation. But things turn different for female subjects, whose explicit fear of negative evaluation being higher than implicit fear of negative evaluation. These results suggested that there is no significant gender differences in college students′ fear of negative evaluation, but found that male and female subjects′ implicit and explicit fear of negative evaluation have different combination of conditions.

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The Effects of Positive Emotions on the Scope of Attention and Thought-action Repertoires Chai Jiangxia,Zhao Xiaomei 2015, 13(1):  31-36.  Abstract ( )   PDF (671KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The research is to explore the effects of positive emotions on the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. We conducted two experiments with 125 college students as subjects. In each, participants viewed a film that elicited happiness, serenity, neutrality, sorrow or anger. Scope of attention was assessed using a global-local visual processing task(experiment 1)and thought-action repertoires were assessed using a Twenty Statements Test(experiment 2). The results showed that: the impact of positive emotions on the attentional scope was influenced by gender, positive emotions broaden the attentional scope of girls but narrowed the scope of boys; positive emotions broadened thought-action repertoires, with no difference in gender.

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The Research on the Influence of Delay Interval and Retrival Condition on Short-Term False Memory Chen Hong,Guo Chunyan,Yang Haibo 2015, 13(1):  37-43.  Abstract ( )   PDF (760KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This research explored the influnce of retrival condition and delay interval on short-term false memory with short-term DRM paradigm on a forced choice test. The results suggested short-term false memory were basically from the lost of store details access at retrival stage. That means delay interval could improve false memory without effective retrival. But on effective retrical condition, increased access of true memory trace could greatly reduce fasle memory and the effect of delay was not significant. The results of this experiment will enrich the theory of false memory.

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Effect of Implicit Theories of Personality on Person Perception Cui Yichen,Wang Pei 2015, 13(1):  44-51.  Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics College students took part in the study as participants. Two kinds of implicit theories were dissociated by projective test. Based on the effects of valence matching and illusory correlation, the experiments probed the effect of implicit theories of personality on person perception. The results show that: 1)There were common and consistent implicit theories between character, ability and other personal attributes. 2)Entity theory was opposite to incremental theory, and they were two inverse poles of the same dimensionality. 3)Compared with incremental theorists, entity theorists tend to apperceive others′ information by judgement. At the same time, entity theorists make static judgement on others′ attributes while incremental theorists focus on understanding the dynamic process of others′ behavior.

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An investigation on Class-teachers′ Affective Quality in the Primary and Middle Schools Wang Junshan,Lu Jiamei 2015, 13(1):  52-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (768KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics On the basis of theoretical analysis and practical exploration and, under strict procedure, the writer developed an original questionnaire with good reliability and validity —“Questionnaire on Class-teachers′ Affective Quality in the Primary and Middle Schools”. By means of stratified sampling, 1576 class-teachers from 54 primary and middle schools were investigated, and these schools were located in 8 districts in Shanghai. The results showed that: 1)On the whole, the affective quality of class-teachers of primary and middle schools was acceptable, but still needed to be improved; 2)Basically, affective quality of female class-teachers was prior to that of males slightly; 3)From the elementary, junior to senior high school, affective quality of class-teachers showed a downward trend; 4)Years of being a teacher or being a class-teacher had an essential impact on affective quality of class-teachers; 5)As for affective quality of class-teachers, there was an interaction effect between sex and years of being a teacher.

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The Development of Students′ Word Segmentation Fu Yu,He Liyuan,Wu Ruihan,Yan Guoli 2015, 13(1):  59-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (670KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics For Chinese script, there are no explicit cues in a serial string of characters. When Chinese readers are asked to mark the boundaries between words, the results will be not consistent for different readers. Word consciousness and syntactic categories of words have been proved to be important factors which influenced the word segmentation. How these factors influence the word segmentation? Present study will explore this question from a developmental perspective. Participants who are students from the third, fifth and eighth grade, and high school were asked to segment Chinese sentences into individual words according to their prior knowledge of words. The results are as followings: 1)With the grade increased, the agreement proportion was declined and the word unites were larger, readers in higher grade were more inclined to chunk words into large information units; 2)The former tendency changes in terms of word category. It suggests that the effect of word consciousness on word segmentation is regulated by the syntactic categories of words.

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The Effects of Family Support and Friend Support on Depression among the Elderly of Different ADL Tang Dan,Jiang Kaidi 2015, 13(1):  65-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Drawing on the 10 percent data for the 2006 Survey of the Living Condition between Rural and Urban Elderly, this paper explored the effects of family support and friend support on the depression among elderly of different self-care abilities. Results suggest: 1)Social support could reduce the depression score of elderly; 2)Family support was more stable than friend support, since friend support will change according age and health status; 3)the ΔR2 of Social support in the independent elder model was bigger than that in the dependent elder model; 4)Among the completely dependent elders, friends support was a better predictor of depression than family support, but for the independent elders, family support played a greater role.

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A Survey on Mental Health of Freshmen—A Case Study of a University in Tianjin Zhang Luquan,Xiao Jianwei 2015, 13(1):  70-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (668KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the mental health of freshmen, 3826 freshmen were administered by a basic condition register scale and the Chinese College Student Mental Health Scale in a university. The results showed that: 1)The general mental health level of freshmen was good; 2)The mental health level of girls was better than boys, but girls were more inferiority; 3)The Han freshmen were more anxiety than the minority freshmen; 4)The mental health level of the only-child was better than non-only child; 5)There were differences among mental health level of freshmen with different majors(science and engineering majors, liberal majors, and arts and sports majors); The mental health level of the freshmen in science and engineering majors was better than the freshmen in arts and sports majors.

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The Development of Minor′s Psychosocial Competence Scale Zeng Tiande,Zhu Shuying,Chen Ming 2015, 13(1):  76-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (670KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper aims to establish Minor′s Psychosocial Competence Questionnaire(MPCQ). The exploratory factor analysis(n=858)had selected 31 items and five factors, which were communicate and coordinated ability; self-control; scientific imagination; social problem-solving; ego-defense. Confirmatory factor analysis（n=468）and reliability analysis showed MPCQ had reached the psychometric standard. Taken together, these findings suggest that MPCQ has good construct validity and internal reliability making it an effective measure tool of Minor′s Psychosocial Competence.

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Relationship Between Parental Control, Self-Esteem and Primary School Student′s Social Creativity Man Dahu,Li Yijuan,Zhang Jinghuan 2015, 13(1):  81-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (691KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between parental control and late childhood children′s social creativity as well as the mediating role of positive esteem and self-deprecation. Methods: Test of the elementary school students social creativity, parenting control scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to measure 540 late childhood children. Results: 1)Parental behavioral control was a significant positive predicator of social creativity, while psychological control was a significant negative predicator of social creativity; 2)Positive esteem mediated the relationship between parental behavioral control/psychological control and social creativity.

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Marital Stress and Marital Quality: The Moderating Effect of Marital Commitment and Spouse Support Hou Juan,Fang Xiaoyi 2015, 13(1):  87-98.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1309KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The affect mechanism by which marital stress exerts influence on couples′ marital quality is still unclear so far. We used convenience sampling to extract 389 couples in Beijing, and all couples fulfilled the self-report questionnaires on marital stress, marital quality, marital commitment and spouse support. Based on the study, we explored the status of marital stress and marital quality, and the moderating effect of marital commitment and support on marital quality. Following results were found: 1)husband′s scores on marital quality, marital commitment and information support were significantly higher than wife′s. 2)Individual′s marital stress significantly predicted his(her)marital quality. Wife′s marital stress significantly predicted husband′s marital quality. 3)Wife′s and her partner′s perception of marital commitment and couples′ support were moderators of the relationship between marital stress and marital quality. However, this effect was not found in husband.

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The Relationship between Emotional Sensitivity, Collective Behavior Intention and Implementation Intention of Micro-blog Users Zhao Yang,Wang Lin,Shi Kan 2015, 13(1):  99-105.  Abstract ( )   PDF (772KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Through the analysis of online users get 891 copies of questionnaire survey result, explores the relationship between emotional sensitivity, collective behavior intention and implementation intention of internet users in china. The results show emotional sensitivity and perceived consistency, behavior intention and implementation intentions were significant positive correlation. The study also found interactive effects of emotional sensitivity, perceived consistency and behavior intention of three variables on the implementation intention is significant. Further study found emotional sensitivity regulatory role in behavior intention to implementation intention in the low perceived consistency group. Compared with the low emotional sensitivity of Internet users specifically, behavioral intentions more predicted strongly implementation intentions while inconsistent results users perceived high emotional sensitivity to information and behavior on hot topics.

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Effects of Group Psychological Intervention on Coping Style in Cancer Patients Li Yousui,Qi Daliang,Wu Jie,Xu Sheng,Wang Zheng 2015, 13(1):  106-108.  Abstract ( )   PDF (435KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the effect of psychological intervention on coping style in cancer patients, this study divided 90 cancer patients performed before and after measurements into experimental group(n=46)and control group(n=44). The results showed that the experimental group after group psychological intervention scores on the subscales of coping was significantly higher; Further analysis revealed that group psychological intervention was no significant difference in gender; But there is a significant age difference where younger group scored on each dimension of coping style were significantly higher than the elderly group. The results show that psychological intervention can effectively improve coping style in cancer patients.

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The Relationship of Coaches′ Paternalistic Leadership Behaviors and High-level Athletes′ Sportspersonship in College: a Mediated-Moderator Model Zhang Haijun 2015, 13(1):  109-114.  Abstract ( )   PDF (587KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The objective of this paper was to explore the relationship between coaches′ paternalistic leadership behaviors and high-level athletes′ sportspersonship in college, as well as sport motivation′s mediating role and sport value′s moderating role. 495 high-level athletes completed questionnaires measuring paternalistic leadership behaviors, sport value, sport motivation and sportspersonship. Results showed that: 1)Paternalistic leadership behaviors had positive predictive effects of sportspersonship, and this relationship was mediated by sport motivation; 2)Sport value positively moderated the relationship between paternalistic leadership behaviors and sport motivation, namely that the main effect was stronger when the moderator was high; 3)Sport value acted as a mediated-moderator which moderated the relationship between paternalistic leadership behaviors and sportspersonship.

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The Relationship between Challenge-Hindrance Stressor, Role overload and Exhaustion: the Moderating Role of Resilience Liu Dege 2015, 13(1):  115-124.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1031KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, we constructed and tested a moderated mediation model about relationships between challenge-hindrance stressor and exhaustion based on Job Demands-Resources Model and Resource Conservation Theory. Our findings indicated that role overload partially mediated the relationships between challenge stressor, hindrance stressor and exhaustion. When resilience was low, challenge stressor have direct significant positive influence on exhaustion, and the mediation role of role overload did not reach significant level, and hindrance stressor have both direct and indirect significant positive influence on exhaustion. When resilience was high, the direct influence of challenge stressor on exhaustion was no longer significant, both challenge and hindrance stressors have influences on exhaustion through role overload indirectly. Furthermore, compared with low resilience individuals, there was no different influence of hindrance on exhaustion when individuals′ resilience was high.

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Analysis of the Effects of the Proactive Personality and Self-monitory on Graduates′ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Liang Fenghua,Cheng Zhaoji 2015, 13(1):  125-130.  Abstract ( )   PDF (716KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics 339 college graduates completed the Proactive Personality Scale, Career Decision Making Self-efficacy(CDMSE)Scale and Self-monitoring Scale, in order to explore the relations between proactive personality, CDMSE and self-monitoring. The results indicated that: 1)Self-mornitoring was positively related with proactive personality in College Graduates; 2)Proactive personality and self-monitoring were significantly positively related with CDMSE and its five dimensions; 3)Proactive personality predicted CDMSE significantly and positively, accounted for 34%of the total variance of CDMSE, self-monitoring predicted CDMSE positively, accounted for 2% of the total variance of CDMSE.

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″Collectivism-Individualism″ Difference: Evidence From Genes and Brain Ding Xiaobin,Zhao Nan 2015, 13(1):  131-137.  Abstract ( )   PDF (839KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on ″collectivism-individualism″ dimension which is the foundation in cultural differences, around the relationship between culture, genes and brain, the article introduces the latest research at home and abroad. Studies have shown that when human perform a variety of cultural tasks, genes that offer effective help for the human survival will be selected and retained; In psychological state and psychological process, ranging from self representation, attention and perception to decision, emotion and intention inference, the ″collectivism-individualism″ cultural differences can be traced to differences in brain functions. Researchers have proposed social brain hypothesis, culture-gene coevolutionary theory, neuro-culture interaction model to explain the interaction of culture, genes and brain. At the same time, this article analyzes the problems existing in the current study, and prospects the future research.

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On the Influence of the Mind Turn of Western Philosophy on Psychology Li Bingquan,Zhang Xudong 2015, 13(1):  138-143.  Abstract ( )   PDF (825KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Philosophy of mind is an important turn after linguistic(semantic)and pragmatic turns in the mid or end of 20th century in western philosophy, which provided a new meta-theory and methodology for psychology. It has 1)provided a psychology new world view of ′mind-language-world′; 2)researched into human mind from the horizon of philosophy, which promoted philosophy and psychology to combine and feed each other; 3)prompted ′what is human being′ to be reviewed and explained again; 4)triggered the question to the body-mind dualism as the cornerstone of the past psychology especially the past mainstream psychology; 5)given rise to some new approaches such as the second cognitive science and actionist cognitive psychology and Situated Cognition, etc. It is of great enlightenment to psychology: 1)It is limitations to study human mind by the research in artificial intelligence and animal. 2)the role of body should be paid attention to. 3)Human intentionality and metaphor analysis should be paid great attention to. 4)Human existence, especially the meaning of life should be concerned about.