Negative emotion inhibits process of spoken word production in older speakers

Abstract

Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of different emotional status(negative, positive and neutral)in spoken word production for young and older speakers. The emotional statuses were elicited by negative, positive, and neutral face images. Behavioral data indicated that compared to the neutral and the positive emotions, the negative emotion inhibits picture-naming latencies in both groups. In comparison with the young speakers, the magnitude of inhibition effect in the negative emotion condition was more in the older than in the young. The findings showed that there was an aging effect of negative emotion in speech production, and thus provide support for the weak connection between semantics and phonology in older speakers.

Key words: speech production, negative emotion, aging

摘要： 采用面孔图片启动不同的情绪,在青年人和老年人两组被试中考察积极、消极和中性情绪,以及不同情绪和年龄之间的交互作用对口语产生年老化的影响。要求青年组和老年组被试在不同的情绪启动条件下对图片进行命名。结果显示,与积极和中性情绪相比,消极情绪显著地延长了青年人和老年人口语产生的潜伏期;与青年人相比,消极情绪对老年人的影响更大。结果表明,随着年龄的增长,消极情绪对口语产生的抑制作用更强,这提示老年人应该在生活中尽量保持愉悦心情。

关键词: 口语产生, 消极情绪, 年老化

CLC Number:

B842

Ren Huang, Qingfang Zhang, Cong Li. Negative emotion inhibits process of spoken word production in older speakers[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(3): 372-378.

黄韧, 张清芳, 李丛. 消极情绪抑制了老年人的口语产生过程^*[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2017, 15(3): 372-378.

References

1 张清芳, 杨玉芳.(2003). 影响图画命名时间的因素. 心理学报, 35(4), 447-454.
2 郑昊敏, 温忠麟, 吴艳.(2011). 心理学常用效应量的选用与分析. 心理科学进展, 19(12), 1868-1878.
3 Burke, D. M., MacKay, D. G., Worthley, J. S., & Wade, E.(1991). On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding failures in young and older adults. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 542-579.
4 Burbridge, J. A., & Barch, D. M.(2002). Emotional valence and reference disturbance in Schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 186-191.
5 Burbridge, J. A., Larsen, R. J., & Barch, D. M.(2005). Affective reactivity in language: The role of psychophysiological arousal. Emotion, 5, 145-153.
6 Carretié, L., Hinojosa, J. A., Albert, J., López-Martín, S., de la Gándara, B. S., Igoa, J. M., Sotillo, M. A.(2008). Modulation of ongoing cognitive processes by emotionally intense words. Psychophysiology, 45(2), 188-196.
7 Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T.(1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165-181.
8 Carstensen, L. L., & Mikels, J. A.(2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 117-121.
9 Castroa, N., & James, L. E.(2013). Differences between young and older adults′ spoken language production in descriptions of negative versus neutral pictures. Neuropsychology Development and Cognition, 21(2), 222-238.
10 Charles, S. T., Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L.(2003). Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 310-324.
11 Cohen, J.(1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences: Psychology Press.
12 Dell, G. S.(1986). A spreading activation theory of retrieval in language production. Psychological Review, 93, 226-234.
13 Docherty, N. M., & Herbert, A. S.(1997). Comparative affective reactivity of different types of communication disturbances in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 325-330.
14 Gross, J. J., Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C. G., & Hsu, A. Y. C.(1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging, 12, 590-599.
15 Jones, G. V., & Langford, S.(1987). Phonological blocking in the tip of the tongue state. Cognition, 26(2), 115-122.
16 José A. H., Constantino M. B., Luis C., & Miguel A. P.(2010). Emotion modulates language production during covert picture naming. Neuropsychologia, 48, 1725-1734.
17 Kemper, S., Schmalzreid, R., Hoffman, L., & Herman, R.(2010). Aging and the vulnerability of speech to dual task demand. Psychology and Aging, 25, 949-962.
18 Kisley, M. A., Wood, S., & Burrows, C. L.(2007). Looking at the sunny side of life: Agerelated change in an event-related potential measure of the negativity bias. Psychological Science, 18, 838-843.
19 Kuchinke, L., Jacobs, A., Grubich, C., Vo, M. L., Conrad, M., & Herrmann, M.(2005). Incidental effects of emotional valence in single word processing: An fMRI study. Neuroimage, 28, 1022-1032.
20 Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S.(1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 1-75.
21 Mackie, D. M., & Worth, L. T.(1989). Cognitive deficits and the mediation of positive affect in persuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 27-40.
22 Mahl, G. F.(1956). Disturbances and silences in the patient′s speech in psychotherapy. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53, 1-15.
23 Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L.(2003). Aging and attentional biases for emotional faces. Psychological Science, 14, 409-415.
24 Mather, M., & Knight, M.(2005). Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults′ emotional memory. Psychology and Aging, 20, 554-570.
25 Mortensen, L., Meyer, A. S., & Humphreys, G. W.(2006). Age-related effects on speech production: A review. Language & Cognitive Processes, 21, 238-290.
26 Murphy, N. A., & Isaacowitz, D. M.(2008). Preferences for emotional information in older and younger adults: A meta-analysis of memory and attention tasks. Psychology and Aging, 23, 263-286.
27 Qu, Q., & Damian, M. F.(2015). Cascadedness in Chinese written word production. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1271.
28 R Core Team.(2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Stastical Computing, Vienna, Austria, www.R-project.org.
29 Snyder, P., & Lawson, S.(1993). Evaluating results using corrected and uncorrected effect size estimates. Journal of Experimental Education, 61, 334-349.
30 Soros, P., Bose, A., Sokoloff, L. G., Graham, S. J., & Stuss, D. T.(2011). Age related changes in the functional neuroanatomy of overt speech production. Neurobiology of Aging, 32(8), 1505-1513.
31 Urry, H. L., & Gross, J. J.(2010). Emotion regulation in older age. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 352-357.

[1]	CHEN Yantao, GAO Xiaotong, CHEN Zhaolin, HUANG Shihua. Meaning in Life and Mental Health of the Elderly Based on the Dual-Factor Model : Mediating Effects of Attitudes Toward Aging [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2022, 20(1): 88-95.
[2]	HE Liyuan, TIAN Xue, LI Yue, SHEN Fengdan, WANG Yongsheng, WU Jie. The Irrelevant Speech Effect on Reading in Older Adults: Evidence from Eye Movements [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(3): 375-381.
[3]	YANG Jiawei, LI Dongling, LIU Jianrong. The Influence of Perceived Social Hostility on College Students’ Aggression: The Role of Negative Emotional Experience [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(3): 382-388.
[4]	LIANG Ziping, SHAN Jinlei, WANG Pengpeng, HAN Zongyi, JIN Hua. The Directional Asynchrony and Total Effect of the Aging of Global Motion Perception [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(1): 8-15.
[5]	LI Xile, SUN Anqi, GAO Pingyuan, YAN Ni. Mother’s Context-Specific Attribution and Children’s Problem Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Children’s Negative Emotionality [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2021, 19(1): 74-81.
[6]	WANG Jiangyang, YU Ziyang, NIE Jiaxin. The Relationship Between Self-Stigma and Negative Emotions Among Orphan Students: The Multiple Mediational Effects of Explanatory Style and Perceived Social Support [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(6): 777-783.
[7]	LIU Yu, YANG Yang, WANG Chenxu, YANG Yanan, JIA Xuji, BAI Xuejun, LIN Lin. The Effect of School Climate and Negative Emotion on Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: One Year Follow-Up Cross-Lagged Regression Analyses [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(6): 784-790.
[8]	JIN Hua, ZHU Ziliang, YAN Shizhen, LIANG Ziping, AIKEDAN Aisikaer, YIN Jianzhong, JIANG Yunpeng, LIN Lin. The Brain Gray Matter Basis of the Decline of Global Motion Sensitivity in Elderly Adults [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2020, 18(5): 603-610.
[9]	JIA Liping, LU Guohua, SONG Yuping, LI Fuhong. The Mechanism of Negative Emotional Priming on Response Inhibition for Trait Anxiety Individuals [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(5): 604-612.
[10]	YANG Lixian, LI Lingfang, ZHANG Jinkun. The Effect of Episode-Evoked Envy on Item-Method Directed Forgetting [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(3): 311-317.
[11]	WU Jianqian, CHAO Qiuling, CHEN Yuan. Attitudes to Aging Mediates the Relationship between Older Adults’ Family Environment and Quality of Life [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(2): 223-228.
[12]	ZHANG Juan, ZHANG Dajun. The Explicit and Implicit Correlation of College Students' Psychological Suzhi Level and the Positive and Negative Emotions [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2019, 17(1): 91-96.
[13]	ZHAO Liming, LIAN Yuan, LI Weijun. Development of Lexical Planning Scope in Speech Production: Evidence from Primary, Middle School and Undergraduate Students [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2018, 16(6): 735-743.
[14]	Du Xuesong, Wang Aiping. The Effect of Low Versus High Avoidance-Motivated Negative Affect on Analogic Reasoning [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2017, 15(1): 69-74.
[15]	Fu Hong, Cheng Qingrong. Positive Aging: Research and Practice of the Mental Health of Elderly from a Global View [J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2015, 13(5): 713-720.