The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Emotional Problems in Children: The Moderating Effects of Hope and Forgiveness

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and emotional problems in children, as well as the moderating effects of hope and forgiveness on this relationship. A total of 727 primary school students were evaluated with the Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Children’s Hope Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Short Version of Children’s Depression Inventory. The results showed the followings: 1) Bullying victimization positively predicted emotional problems in children. The higher the levels of bullying victimization were, the higher the risk of anxiety and depression. 2) Both hope and forgiveness played a moderating role in the relationship between bullying victimization and two kinds of emotional problems in children, showing that the predictive effect of bullying victimization on anxiety and depression in children was significantly weakened at high levels of hope or forgiveness. 3) The protective effects of hope and forgiveness against emotional problems in children followed the “independent mode”, that is, they played a separate regulatory role in anxiety and depression. The findings provide a scientific basis for how to promote emotional health and psychosocial adaptation in children after bullying victimization.

Key words: bullying victimization, anxiety, depression, hope, forgiveness

摘要：

为了考察儿童受欺凌与情绪问题之间的关系，以及希望和宽恕在其中的调节作用，采用Olweus欺凌/受欺凌问卷、儿童希望量表、Heartland宽恕倾向量表、儿童社交焦虑量表、简版儿童青少年抑郁量表对727名小学生进行问卷调查。结果发现：(1)儿童受欺凌显著正向预测情绪问题，受欺凌水平越高，产生焦虑、抑郁的风险越高；(2)希望和宽恕在儿童受欺凌与两种情绪问题的关系中均发挥调节作用，表现为在高希望或高宽恕水平下，受欺凌对儿童焦虑、抑郁的预测作用显著减弱；(3)希望与宽恕对儿童受欺凌后产生的情绪问题的保护作用遵循“独立模式”，即二者单独发挥对焦虑、抑郁的调节作用。研究发现为如何促进儿童在遭受欺凌后的情绪健康和社会心理适应提供了科学依据。

关键词: 受欺凌, 焦虑, 抑郁, 希望, 宽恕

CLC Number:

B844

Fengqiao WANG, Yihan LI, Wen DING, Yuhan ZHANG, Guanghui CHEN. The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Emotional Problems in Children: The Moderating Effects of Hope and Forgiveness[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(4): 517-523.

王凤巧, 李一涵, 丁雯, 张钰晗, 陈光辉. 儿童受欺凌与情绪问题的关系：希望与宽恕的调节作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(4): 517-523.

Figures/Tables 4

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变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4
1.受欺凌	3.41±3.79
2.希望	41.32±14.45	–0.21***
3.宽恕	28.45±9.44	–0.30***	0.41***
4.焦虑	6.40±6.76	0.44***	–0.44***	–0.53***
5.抑郁	3.37±2.95	0.50***	–0.49***	–0.57***	0.72***

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4
1.受欺凌	3.41±3.79
2.希望	41.32±14.45	–0.21***
3.宽恕	28.45±9.44	–0.30***	0.41***
4.焦虑	6.40±6.76	0.44***	–0.44***	–0.53***
5.抑郁	3.37±2.95	0.50***	–0.49***	–0.57***	0.72***

变量	焦虑					抑郁
变量	β	SE	t	95%CI	∆R²	β	SE	t	95%CI	∆R²
第一步					0.42***					0.51***
受欺凌	0.28	0.32	9.30***	[2.35, 3.61]		0.34	0.13	12.22***	[1.31, 1.82]
希望	–0.24	0.15	–7.63***	[–1.41, –0.83]		–0.27	0.06	–9.45***	[–0.67, –0.44]
宽恕	–0.35	0.14	–10.97***	[–1.79, –1.24]		–0.36	0.06	–12.30***	[–0.79, –0.57]
第二步					0.02***					0.02***
受欺凌×希望	–0.10	0.24	–3.05***	[–1.20, –0.26]		–0.07	1.00	–2.51**	[–0.42, –0.05]
受欺凌×宽恕	–0.08	0.20	–2.47**	[–0.88, –0.10]		–0.07	0.08	–2.28**	[–0.33, –0.03]
希望×宽恕	0.03	0.09	1.11	[–0.08, 0.27]		0.08	0.04	3.07***	[0.04, 0.18]
第三步					0.001					0.001
受欺凌×宽恕×希望	–0.02	0.14	–0.62	[–0.35, 0.18]		–0.01	0.05	–0.35	[–0.13, 0.09]

变量	焦虑					抑郁
变量	β	SE	t	95%CI	∆R²	β	SE	t	95%CI	∆R²
第一步					0.42***					0.51***
受欺凌	0.28	0.32	9.30***	[2.35, 3.61]		0.34	0.13	12.22***	[1.31, 1.82]
希望	–0.24	0.15	–7.63***	[–1.41, –0.83]		–0.27	0.06	–9.45***	[–0.67, –0.44]
宽恕	–0.35	0.14	–10.97***	[–1.79, –1.24]		–0.36	0.06	–12.30***	[–0.79, –0.57]
第二步					0.02***					0.02***
受欺凌×希望	–0.10	0.24	–3.05***	[–1.20, –0.26]		–0.07	1.00	–2.51**	[–0.42, –0.05]
受欺凌×宽恕	–0.08	0.20	–2.47**	[–0.88, –0.10]		–0.07	0.08	–2.28**	[–0.33, –0.03]
希望×宽恕	0.03	0.09	1.11	[–0.08, 0.27]		0.08	0.04	3.07***	[0.04, 0.18]
第三步					0.001					0.001
受欺凌×宽恕×希望	–0.02	0.14	–0.62	[–0.35, 0.18]		–0.01	0.05	–0.35	[–0.13, 0.09]

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