Are the Literal Meanings of Constituents Activated in Chinese Idioms’ Processing? Evidence from the Semantic Preview Effect

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.06.005

Abstract

Abstract:

The literal meanings of constituents in Chinese idioms typically cannot be directly combined to derive their figurative meaning. Whether the literal meanings of the constituents are activated during idiom processing remains unclear. To explore this issue, 78 constituent words of idioms were embedded into both literal and idiomatic contexts. The boundary paradigm was used to manipulate the preview of constituent words (correct, semantic related, or semantic unrelated preview). Eye movements of 78 participants were recorded with an SR Research EyeLink 1000Plus eye tracker. The results on the constituent words showed a significant semantic preview benefit during first-pass reading, with shorter fixation times under semantically related previews compared to semantically unrelated previews, regardless of context. Moreover, in idiomatic contexts, the semantic preview effect was significant under relatively high semantic transparency, but not for those with relatively low semantic transparency. Our findings indicate the literal meanings of constituent words are activated during idiom processing which is modulated by semantic transparency, in line with the hybrid models.

Key words: constituents, idioms, semantic preview effect, Chinese reading, semantic transparency

摘要：

惯用语中的成分词义通常无法直接合成比喻义。成分词义在惯用语加工中是否被激活，还存在争议。为此，本研究选取78个惯用语的成分词作为目标词，分别将其编入字面和惯用语语境句子中。采用边界范式操纵成分词的预视(正确、语义相关、语义无关)。使用EyeLink 1000Plus记录78名被试在阅读这些句子时的眼动轨迹。对成分词的结果分析显示，语义相关预视下的第一遍阅读中的注视时间显著短于语义无关预视，且不受语境影响；在惯用语语境下，成分词的语义预视效应在较高语义透明度惯用语中显著，而在较低语义透明度惯用语中不显著。结果表明，汉语惯用语加工中存在成分词义的激活，其激活受语义透明度的调节，支持了惯用语表征的混合观点。

关键词: 成分词, 惯用语, 语义预视效应, 汉语阅读, 语义透明度

Shuangshuang WANG, Zhichao ZHANG, Manman ZHANG, Chuanli ZANG, Guoli YAN. Are the Literal Meanings of Constituents Activated in Chinese Idioms’ Processing? Evidence from the Semantic Preview Effect[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(6): 759-765.

王双双, 张志超, 张慢慢, 臧传丽, 闫国利. 成分词义在汉语惯用语加工中是否被激活？—基于语义预视效应的证据[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(6): 759-765.

Figures/Tables 3

References 0

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语境	预视类型	SFD(ms)	FFD(ms)	GD(ms)	RPD(ms)	SP
惯用语	正确	232(51)	226(42)	227(44)	277(95)	0.62(0.16)
	语义相关	281(86)	267(64)	290(82)	395(151)	0.53(0.19)
	语义无关	294(82)	285(70)	305(91)	430(175)	0.43(0.22)
字面	正确	230(51)	230(44)	237(57)	307(169)	0.57(0.18)
	语义相关	270(76)	269(67)	287(72)	393(158)	0.52(0.21)
	语义无关	298(85)	289(81)	314(99)	421(176)	0.46(0.23)

语境	预视类型	SFD(ms)	FFD(ms)	GD(ms)	RPD(ms)	SP
惯用语	正确	232(51)	226(42)	227(44)	277(95)	0.62(0.16)
	语义相关	281(86)	267(64)	290(82)	395(151)	0.53(0.19)
	语义无关	294(82)	285(70)	305(91)	430(175)	0.43(0.22)
字面	正确	230(51)	230(44)	237(57)	307(169)	0.57(0.18)
	语义相关	270(76)	269(67)	287(72)	393(158)	0.52(0.21)
	语义无关	298(85)	289(81)	314(99)	421(176)	0.46(0.23)

语义透明度	预视类型	SFD(ms)	FFD(ms)	GD(ms)	RPD(ms)	SP
较高	正确	233(81)	228(76)	229(75)	293(151)	0.63(0.25)
	语义相关	278(94)	269(91)	292(104)	373(183)	0.57(0.25)
	语义无关	317(96)	325(123)	342(175)	469(232)	0.47(0.31)
较低	正确	240(73)	233(68)	235(70)	277(120)	0.60(0.24)
	语义相关	299(106)	281(82)	299(100)	467(348)	0.51(0.29)
	语义无关	283(86)	284(95)	298(111)	434(217)	0.40(0.27)

语义透明度	预视类型	SFD(ms)	FFD(ms)	GD(ms)	RPD(ms)	SP
较高	正确	233(81)	228(76)	229(75)	293(151)	0.63(0.25)
	语义相关	278(94)	269(91)	292(104)	373(183)	0.57(0.25)
	语义无关	317(96)	325(123)	342(175)	469(232)	0.47(0.31)
较低	正确	240(73)	233(68)	235(70)	277(120)	0.60(0.24)
	语义相关	299(106)	281(82)	299(100)	467(348)	0.51(0.29)
	语义无关	283(86)	284(95)	298(111)	434(217)	0.40(0.27)

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