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Studies of Psychology and Behavior

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    20 January 2023, Volume 21 Issue 1 Previous Issue   
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    Construction of a High-Quality Social Psychological Services System with Chinese Characteristics Should Implement “the Six Principles Must Insist on”
    Xuejun BAI, Peng ZHANG, Shiyi LI, Haibo YANG, Xin LI
    2023, 21(1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.001
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    The construction of high-quality social psychological services system with Chinese characteristics is not only an important path to advance “the Healthy China Initiative”, but also an important measure and means to promote the innovation of social governance and the modernization of governance ability in the new era. “The six principles must insist on” has been put forward in the report to the 20th CPC National Congress, which pointed out the direction for the construction of a high-quality social psychological services system with Chinese characteristics and profoundly expounded the scientific method and correct path to promote theoretical innovation. This paper discussed how to develop the construction of a social psychological services system with Chinese characteristics by implementing “the six principles must insist on”.
    Promoting the Construction of New Forms of Chinese Community Psychology in the New Era
    Tong YUE, Hong CHEN
    2023, 21(1):  7-11.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.002
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    It is the call and requirement of the times to build community psychology with Chinese characteristics. This paper clarifies that, under the guidance of the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress, Chinese community psychology in the new era needs to adhere to the guidance of Chinese Marxism to promote theoretical construction, to take the community psychological construction of the new era as the field to help cultivate core socialist values, to build the service path of Chinese community psychology in the new era, and to promote the construction of people’s common prosperity. In a word, the theoretical construction and practical exploration of community psychology with Chinese characteristics need to pay attention to the new problems emerging in the community development in the new era, and to propose solutions and programs with Chinese characteristics to solve the problems of community development in China, as well as to strive to promote the construction of new forms of Chinese community psychology.
    The Predominant Role of Preview Plausibility on Semantic Preview Benefit of Two-Character Words in Chinese Reading: An Eye Movement Study
    Lijuan ZHANG, Fengjun ZHANG, Sainan ZHAO, Jingxin WANG
    2023, 21(1):  12-19.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.003
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    Semantic preview benefit (SPB) is of great significance in revealing whether readers can extract high-level information from the parafovea during reading. The underlying mechanism of SPB in reading research is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of preview plausibility and semantic relatedness between the preview and target words on the SPB of Chinese two-character words. We observed a significant main effect of the preview plausibility. The fixation durations of the target word were significantly shorter in the plausible preview condition than in the implausible preview condition. The main effect of semantic relatedness was not significant, and there was no interaction effect between the two variables. These findings support the contextual fit account and further demonstrate the predominant role of preview plausibility on SPB in Chinese reading.
    Tongue Twister Effect of Chinese Reading in Deaf College Students: The Influence of Oral Experience and Reading Ability
    Zebo LAN, Ziming SONG, Kun JIANG, Guoli YAN
    2023, 21(1):  20-27.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.004
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    It is a hot issue in the field of deaf reading whether they activate phonological information in reading. This study used eye-tracking technology, and selected tongue twister sentences as materials to investigate the effects of oral experience and reading ability on phonological activation during Chinese sentence reading in deaf college students. The results showed that the tongue twister effects of the deaf students with more oral experience and higher reading ability (OHRH) were greater than that of the deaf students with less oral experience and higher reading ability (OLRH). The tongue twister effects of OLRH deaf students were greater than that of the deaf students with less oral experience and lower reading ability (OLRL). The local analyses of eye movement measures showed that the tongue twister effects of the OHRH and OLRH deaf students were observed in the early and late measures, while the tongue twister effects of the OLRL deaf students were only observed in the late measures. These results suggest that oral experience and reading ability affect phonological activation during sentence reading in deaf college students.
    A Meta-Analysis of Eye Movement Studies on the Effects of Context on Irony Comprehension
    Hui DING, Zhichao ZHANG, Manman ZHANG, Chuanli ZANG
    2023, 21(1):  28-35.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.005
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    This study used the method of meta-analysis to explore the role of context in the understanding of irony and the relevant moderating factor. Through articles retrieval, 13 valid articles and 16 experimental data were collected, including 806 subjects. The results showed that: 1) The meta-analysis of the correct rate of irony understanding showed that irony was significantly more difficult to understand than literal language and the extra inference process caused by context inconsistency led to the relative difficulty of irony understanding. 2) The target ironic sentences had no difference from the literal sentences in first-pass reading time, while the processing time of irony was significantly longer in regression path reading time and total reading time, which indicated that context worked in the later processing of irony, readers need to reanalyze and integrate in the later processing. This result was in line with the prediction of modular accounts. 3) Familiarity moderated the first-pass reading time and the total reading time of the target region, indicating that the meaning of familiarity was processed first regardless of the intensity of the context, which was consistent with the prediction of the graded salience hypothesis.
    The Relationship Between Two Faces of Narcissism and Behavioral System: Moderation Effect of Gender
    Fen REN, Tuo LIU, Baoli QI, Shaoheng XU, Zhengcheng LING
    2023, 21(1):  36-42.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.006
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    This study aimed to investigate the effects of two-sided narcissism on the sensitivity of reward and punishment as well as to test the moderate role of gender in the link between narcissistic admiration-rivalry and the behavioral inhibition/approach system. Four hundred and eighty-three college students were randomly recruited from a university. All participants completed Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) and BIS/BAS items online. The results showed that: 1) admiration narcissism was positively correlated with behavioral approach system and negatively correlated with behavioral inhibition system; 2) rivalry narcissism positively correlated with behavioral inhibition system, but no correlation was observed with the behavioral approach system; and 3) gender played a moderating role in the relationship between two sides of narcissism and behavioral system. In summary, females are more sensitive to both reward and punishment than males.
    Characteristics of Inhibitory Control Ability in Mobile Phone Addicts: The Evidence from the Antisaccade Task
    Junyi ZHOU, Zhanshuang BAI
    2023, 21(1):  43-48.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.007
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    In order to investigate the characteristics of the inhibitory control ability of mobile phone addicts, 34 participants were screened by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale. Seventeen were assigned to the mobile phone addiction group, and the rest were assigned to the non-mobile phone addiction group. All participants completed the antisaccade task. The results showed that: 1) The antisaccade error rate of the mobile phone addiction group was significantly higher than that of the non-mobile phone addiction group. 2) The prosaccade latency in the mobile phone addiction group was significantly shorter than in the non-mobile phone addiction group. The results indicate that the mobile phone addiction group has a lower inhibitory control ability than the non-mobile phone addiction group, suggesting that mobile phone addicts are easily driven by stimuli and can hardly suppress attentional interference generated by irrelevant stimuli.
    A Comprehensive Comparison of Bayesian Networks Classification Model and Sequential Polytomous Scoring Diagnosis Model
    Xiaofeng YU, Yuchun XIAO, Chunying QIN
    2023, 21(1):  49-57.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.008
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    In recent years, Bayesian networks have been widely used in the field of artificial intelligence, but have received relatively little attention in the field of psychology. Most of the existing studies have applied Bayesian networks to binary items. This research combines Bayesian networks with polytomous items, which has important theoretical and practical implications. Two Bayesian network classification models were comprehensively compared with the sequential-GDINA (S-GDINA). The results showed that the classification performance of the naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) was comparable to that of the S-GDINA model, which could achieve equally good classification performance. Also, the classification performance of the tree augmented naive Bayesian classifier (TAN) could achieve good classification performance when the percentage of errors contained in the Q matrix was 0% (the Q matrix was correctly defined by the expert). Both the NBC and the TAN had better classification results in the polytomous scored test. The response classification consistency of the NBC and TAN reached 84% and 71%, respectively, indicating that Bayesian networks can be well applied to polytomous scored items.
    Developmental Trajectories of Mathematics Metacognition Among Junior High School Students: A Two-and-a-half-year Longitudinal Study
    Yuntian XIE, Fanfei MENG
    2023, 21(1):  58-64.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.009
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    By using the questionnaire method, 101 junior high school students were tested five times on the development of mathematics metacognition in two and a half years. The latent category growth model was used to explore the developmental trajectories of junior high school students’ mathematics metacognition, and to examine the influence of gender on mathematics metacognition. The results showed that: 1) Junior high school students’ mathematics metacognition and its components showed a downward trend in the second year of junior high school. 2) The development of mathematics metacognition of junior high school students showed three types, namely the high-slow decline group (32.67%), the medium-significant decline group (54.46%), and the low-slow decline group (12.87%). 3) Compared with girls, boys had more mathematics metacognition knowledge and a higher initial level of mathematics metacognition, and were more likely to belong to the high-slow decline group than the low-slow decline group.
    Effects of Relative Deprivation on College Students’ Social Anxiety: A Moderated Mediating Model
    Jiao CHEN, Meng XIONG
    2023, 21(1):  65-71.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.010
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    A questionnaire survey was conducted among 674 college students in Hubei Province to explore the influence of relative deprivation on social anxiety, focusing on the mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of self-focused attention. The results showed that: 1) relative deprivation positively predicted college students’ social anxiety; 2) core self-evaluation played a partial mediating role between relative deprivation and social anxiety; 3) self-focused attention moderated the second half of the mediation effect of core self-evaluation, specifically, the predictive effect of core self-evaluation on social anxiety was enhanced with the increase of self-focused attention.
    The Relationship Between Maternal Negative Emotional Expressiveness and Child Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model
    Tiantian LI, Bing WU
    2023, 21(1):  72-78.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.011
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of mother-child conflict and mother-child closeness in the relationship between maternal negative emotional expressiveness and child anxiety. A total of 1173 students from 3 primary schools were investigated with Family Expressiveness Scale, Parent-Child Scale, and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The results showed that: 1) maternal negative emotional expressiveness, mother-child conflict, and child anxiety were positively correlated with each other, but mother-child closeness was not significantly related to maternal negative emotional expressiveness, mother-child conflict, and child anxiety; 2) maternal negative emotional expressiveness could directly and positively predict child anxiety; 3) mother-child conflict played a mediating role in the relationship between maternal negative emotional expressiveness and children’s anxiety, and mother-child closeness moderated the second path of the indirect association. These results reveal the mechanism of the relationship between maternal negative emotional expressiveness and child anxiety, which provides a new reference for the prevention and intervention of children’s anxiety.
    The Impact of Parental Phubbing on Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization Among Adolescents: Chain Mediating Effects of Parent-Child Closeness and Internalizing Problems
    Zhijun LIU, Jiwei CHEN
    2023, 21(1):  79-85.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.012
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    Based on social learning theory and attachment theory, we investigated the impact of parental phubbing on adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, mediation of parent-child closeness and internalizing problems. A total of 1003 adolescents completed the questionnaire survey, measuring their parental phubbing, internalizing problems, parent-child closeness and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. The results showed that: 1) The eighth-grade students got the highest score in cyberbullying victimization and parental phubbing, but had the lowest score in parent-child closeness. 2) Parental phubbing was positively related to adolescents’ internalizing problems and cyber-victimization, and negatively related to their parent-child closeness. 3) Parental phubbing had a direct effect on cyber-victimization but had no direct effect on cyber-perpetration. 4) Parental phubbing could affect cyber-victimization and cyber-perpetration through the sole mediating role of parent-child closeness and internalizing problems, and also through the chain mediation effect of parent-child closeness and internalizing problems.
    The Relationship Between Online Social Participation and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Based on Self-Determination Theory
    Yifei DING, Lanshuang CHEN, Zhen ZHANG
    2023, 21(1):  86-93.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.013
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    This study aimed to explore the relationship between online social participation and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults and its underlying mechanism. A total of 1063 urban middle-aged and older adults aged 50 and above completed a set of questionnaires including SNS Older Adults Measure, Short Form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale and Social Network Scale. The results showed that: 1) online social participation had a significant negative prediction on depression symptoms in middle-aged and older adults; 2) autonomy, competence and relatedness needs satisfaction played complete mediating roles in the relationship between online social participation and depressive symptoms; 3) the first half path of the mediating effect of “online social participation - basic psychological need satisfaction - depressive symptoms” was moderated by social network size.
    The Influence of Social Value Orientation and Loss Context on Cooperation in Social Dilemmas Under Different Time Pressure
    Peng SUN, Xiaoli LING
    2023, 21(1):  94-101.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.014
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    To reveal influencing factors of cooperative behavior in two-person social dilemmas, this study explored the impact of social value orientation and loss context on cooperative behavior under different time pressure, by using four different types of two-person social dilemmas. Results showed that the cooperation rate of the pro-social was significantly higher than that of the pro-self, and participants cooperated more in the gain context than in the loss context. Besides, with the increase of conflict level of social dilemmas, the cooperation rate decreased. Additionally, high time pressure increased the cooperation rate of the pro-self in the prisoner’s dilemma and trust dilemma (in the gain context) but reduced the cooperation rate of the pro-self in the assurance dilemma (in the loss context). These results indicate that cooperative behavior is influenced by participants’ social value orientation, the loss context, and the conflict degree of social dilemmas; and the effect of time pressure on cooperative behavior is also affected by these three factors. These findings provide new evidence for the argument that cooperative behavior in social dilemmas is an intuitive response.
    Self-Disgust and Peer Relationship Among College Students: Chain Mediation Effects of Depression and Social Support
    Shen LIU, Xinwei HONG, Mingyu ZHAO, Minghua SONG
    2023, 21(1):  102-108.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.015
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    The current study investigated the effect of self-disgust on peer relationship among college students and roles of depression and social support. A total of 443 college students completed a set of questionnaires including the Chinese Version of Self-Disgust Scale, Peer Relationship Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale and Social Support Scale for University Students. The results showed that: 1) Self-disgust was significantly negatively correlated with peer relationship among college students. 2) Depression and social support played the chain mediation roles between self-disgust and peer relationship among college students. The results indicate that reducing the self-loathing and depression levels of college students and giving full play to the role of social support are helpful to improve the peer relationship of college students.
    The Effect of Self-Compassion on Procrastination Behavior of College Students: The Chain Mediating Effect of Experience Avoidance and Shame
    Junmei CHEN, Yong LYU
    2023, 21(1):  109-115.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.016
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    To explore the effect of self-compassion on procrastination and its mechanism, 795 college students were investigated by using Self-Compassion Scale, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, College Student Shame Scale, and Acceptance and Action Scale. The results showed that: 1) self-compassion had a negative predictive effect on college students’ procrastination; 2) shame mediated self-compassion and college students’ procrastination; 3) experience avoidance and shame played a chain mediating role between self-compassion and procrastination.
    The Relationship Between Self-Regulatory Failure and Depression, Anxiety Symptoms: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
    Xueling YANG, Qiaofen ZHANG, Huiqi WANG, Xiyuan SUN, Peiyi CHEN, You WANG
    2023, 21(1):  116-122.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.017
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    To explore the relationship between self-regulatory failure and symptoms of depression and anxiety, a total sample of 200 college students with different self-regulation orientations (100 promotion focused participants and 100 prevention focused participants) were recruited to complete the survey at three time points with six months intervals (T1, T2, T3). The results showed that: 1) The promotion focused group had lower depressive, anxiety and self-regulation failure scores than those in the prevention focused group at T1 and T3. 2) Promotion focused failure and prevention focused failure at T2 both positively predicted the occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms at T3. 3) Depressive symptoms were associated with promotion focused failure; anxiety symptoms were associated with prevention focused failure. 4) Promotion focused failure at T2 mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms at T1 and anxiety and depressive symptoms at T3; prevention focus failure mediated the relationship between anxiety symptoms at T1 and secondary depressive and anxiety symptoms at T3. These findings provide empirical support for the validity of self-regulation theory, especially in explaining and predicting the occurrence and development of depression and anxiety symptoms.
    The Influence of College Students’ Personality Traits on Moral Identity: The Moderating Role of Legal Consciousness
    Cheng CHEN, Binjie WANG
    2023, 21(1):  123-129.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.018
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and moral identity of college students and the moderating effect of legal consciousness on it. The Legal Consciousness Scale, Moral Identity Scale and Big Five Personality Inventory were surveyed among 1878 college students. The results of the study showed that: 1) Moral identity and legal consciousness were significantly positively correlated with conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extroversion, while significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism. 2) Personality traits, moral identity, and legal consciousness showed significant gender differences. Also, there was a significant gender difference in the influence of conscientiousness on moral identity. 3) Legal consciousness negatively moderated the influence of conscientiousness and agreeableness on college students’ moral identities. Therefore, our findings imply that the individuality of personality traits should be respected; and, professional cultivation of law education and legal consciousness should be implemented in tertiary education to improve an individual’s moral identity.
    The Foreign Language Effect on Moral Judgment: The Mediation of Psychological Distance and the Moderation of Foreign Language Proficiency
    Peng WU, Chanchan FENG, Qi ZHANG
    2023, 21(1):  130-137.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.019
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    Previous findings of the moral foreign-language effect (MFLE) were not consistent. In recent years, Gawronski’s team developed a CNI model to analyze moral judgment. Combining the construal-level theory (CLT) with the CNI model, this study first answered the controversial question of whether the MFLE existed or not, and then attempted to explore the possible mechanism and condition of the effect. The results of Experiment 1 showed that compared with NL, participants who made the moral judgment in the FL had a higher ratio of utilitarian judgment. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that when the utilitarian tendency was taken as the indicator of moral judgment, language could indirectly influence individuals’ moral judgments through the completely mediating effect of psychological distance. In Experiment 3, the results showed that foreign language proficiency moderated the first part of the mediation model, that is, the influence of language on psychological distance. The results reveal the significant influence of language on moral judgment, and verify the mediating role of psychological distance and the moderating role of foreign language proficiency, which expands the possible explanation of the mechanism of the MFLE.
    Relationships Between Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating Effect of Creativity and the Moderating Effect of Security
    Xiaoshi LIU, Jingwen LI, Lei ZHANG, Cheng XIANG, Yun WU
    2023, 21(1):  138-144.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.01.020
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    This study sought to examine the roles of creativity and security in the relationship between adults’ subjective socioeconomic status and psychological well-being. A total of 556 urban adults aged between 18 and 60 participated in this study. They anonymously completed questionnaires assessing subjective socioeconomic status, psychological well-being, creativity, and security. The results showed that: 1) After controlling for age and objective socioeconomic status, subjective socioeconomic status predicted psychological well-being. 2) Creativity mediated the relationships between socioeconomic status and psychological well-being. 3) Security moderated this mediating path through creativity. Specifically, the association between subjective socioeconomic status and creativity was stronger for adults with higher security. Thus, there are both mediating and moderating factors influencing the relationship between adults’ subjective socioeconomic status and psychological well-being.