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20 September 2009, Volume 7 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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THE INSTANTIATION PRINCIPLE IN THE CHINESE NATURAL CATEGORIES OF DIFFERENT CATEGORICAL LEVELS Yin Guo′en,Zuo Chunyu,Cao Rui 2009, 7(3):  161-165.  Abstract ( )   PDF (385KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using the experimental model of Heit and Barsalou in 1996, this research took the Chinese semantics natural categories in different categorical levels as the experimental material to further confirm the instantiation principle. Two experiments wrer conducted. The participants were 180 third year college students. In experiment 1, the no qualifier word simple categories were used to examine the typicalities of the subordinate categories instantiation from the superordinates suggesting that people attribute the concept both in the abstract level and in the abstract level. In experiment 2, a more complex compound concept was used to examine the instantiation principle in the wider conceptual scope. The results indicated that regardless of the categories on single and on multiple of the subordinate categories or the mean typicalities of the subordinate categories instantiation from the superordinates, they were highly correlated. Moreover the change tendency of the subordinate categories instantiation in different categorical levels′ superordinates(such as animals and small animals)and the change tendency of the subordinate categories in different categorical levels′ superordinates were the same. Both experiment 1 and experiment 2 supported the instantiation principle.

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THE ROLE OF PINYIN AND FORMAL INSTRUCTION IN LITERACY LESSON OF CHINESE CHILDREN Wu Xinchun,Li Hong,Liu Zenhong 2009, 7(3):  166-170.  Abstract ( )   PDF (496KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using instructional experiments in classroom, the present study investigated the role of pinyin and formal instruction in Chinese children′s traditional literacy lesson with 107 1st graders. The results indicated that:(1)Pinyin didn′t play an important role in children′s character learning under either formal instruction condition or incidental learning condition.(2)Formal instrucion was a more effective way than incidental learning to help children learn to read Chinese and promote average students to catch up with good students.(3)All children benefited from incidental learning. Possibility of incidental learning increased with higher level of children′s ability.

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COLLEGE STUDENTS′ CAREER CHOICE AND IMPLICIT OCCUPATION-PRESTIGE PREFERENCE Zuo Bin,Wen Fangfang 2009, 7(3):  171-175.  Abstract ( )   PDF (591KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using the questionnaire of idealistic occupational aspiration to study college students′ career choice by investigating ten different provinces(Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Shanxi, Sichuan, Ningxia), and then the present study investigated college students′ implicit occupation-prestige preference by the Implicit Association Test(IAT). The results showed that(1)The number of college students who choice“enterpriser”and“teacher”was more than the ones who choice“worker”and“farmer”significantly, they preferred to choose high prestige occupation;(2)College students preferred to choose the occupation which accorded with their sex-type. But the sex-type of occupation confined schoolboy more than schoolgirl, the schoolgirl who preferred to choose the man type career exhibited more counter-stereotypic than schoolboy who preferred to choose the woman type career;(3)The college students from different areas had significantly difference in career choice;(4)The college students existed implicit preference to different prestige occupation.

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THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BIG FIVE AND ACADEMIC SATISFACTION Li Hongyu,Wang Rui 2009, 7(3):  176-182.  Abstract ( )   PDF (572KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to compare the two models of EI, we investigated the mediating effect of the EI mixed model and the EI ability model on the relationship between the Big Five and academic satisfaction. In the present study, 229 undergraduates completed a series of questionnaires, including a revised Big Five Personality Scale, two EI scales and a self-developed academic satisfaction questionnaire. The results suggest that:(1)only the openness dimension among the Big Five affects the academic satisfaction dramatically;(2)The mixed model and the ability model of EI are different from each other, because only the ability-based EI mediates the relationship between openness and academic satisfaction, but the mixed model-based EI doesn′t mediate the above relationship.

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EFFECTS OF RISK PREFERENCE AND FRAMING EFFECT ON COLLEGE STUDENTS′ CAREER DECISION-MAKING Chen Shiping,Zhang Yan 2009, 7(3):  183-187.  Abstract ( )   PDF (493KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Forty six college students were tested by risk perference scale. Through the occupational decision settings designed in our experiment,we intend to investigate the relationship between college students career decision-making and risk preference, occupational programs and framing effect. The results showed that：(1)Risk preference level had influence on college students career decision-making,and the career decision-making tendency of college students who were in high level of risk preference was higher than college students who were in low level of risk preference,especially in the adventure program;(2)The framing effect functioned the tendency of college students career decision-making,and significant influence was showed on above tendency. College students prefered to choose the occupational programs which were described by the positive form;(3)When faced with adventure, compromise, conservative three vocational programs,the tendency of college students career decision-making,there was a significant trend of increasing.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Jiang Yuan,Bai Xuejun,Shen Deli 2009, 7(3):  188-192.  Abstract ( )   PDF (416KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, 288 participants from Grade 5 in the primary school and Grade 2 in the junior and senior high school were monitored physiologically to investigate the relationship between their emotion regulation strategy and physiological responses. The results suggest that the emotion state interacts with emotion regulation strategies in the physiological index level. The changes of subjects with sadness, cognitive reappraisal strategy′s physiological response is less than expression suppression strategy, while those of participants with pleasure, two strategies have the same efficiency. Nevertheless, grade, gender and learning level do not interact with emotion regulation strategies in physiological response. The physiological responses of female students, primary school pupils, or lower learning level students are stronger than that of the others.

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TYPE A BEHAVIOUR AND ACADEMIC EMOTION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS Ma Huixia,Su Shijiang,Nie Shengyun 2009, 7(3):  193-197.  Abstract ( )   PDF (432KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Two hundred and eighteen college students were measured by Type A Behavior Pattern Scale and College Student General Academic Emotion Questionnaire. The results showed that: to about 25% Type A(A and A-)in those surveyed students. Positive emotions were the main academic emotion. Both Type A students and academic emotion in terms of gender, grade, major variables were no significant differences. Type B students(B or B-) were significantly lower than Type A students(A or A-)in shame, anger, boredom, anxiety, pride, hope, happiness; and were significantly lower than Type M students in shame and anger; the students with higher TH value have more negative emotions and can not relax themselves; the students with higher CH value have both positive emotions of pride and hope, as well as the negative emotion of shame and angry.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CREATIVE TENDENCY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN Gu Chuanhua 2009, 7(3):  198-202.  Abstract ( )   PDF (503KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The development of social creative tendency in peer interaction, teacher-student interaction and parent-child interaction of primary school children was investigated with eight indexes of uniqueness, appropriateness, validity, fluency, flexibility, curiosity, complexity and risk-taking, by semi-structural interview with 189 randomly selected from grade 3 to 6. The results indicated that,(1)The social creative tendency of primary school children including fluency, flexibility, curiosity, complexity and risk-taking correlated positively with age in sum significantly; (2)generally speaking, the score on fluency and flexibility of children from grade 5 and 6 was remarkably higher than that of those children from grade 3, and in three sorts of interaction situations similar results were found, and so grade 4 might be the transitional point in the developmental process of social creative tendency of primary school children.

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THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE TRAIT HOPE SCALE(TTHS)IN MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENT Shi Guoxing,Tian Lijuan 2009, 7(3):  203-206.  Abstract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To study the reliability and validity of The Trait Hope Scale(TTHS), 770 middle school students were investigated by the test of TTHS. The results showed that: The test-retest reliability coefficients of the total scale were in 0.838, the agency scale was 0.724, and the papthway scale was 0.676. The Crobach of the total scale was in 0.852, the agency was 0.765, the pathway was 0.717. The construct validity and criteria validity were acceptable. TTHS has psychometrically acceptable reliability and validity.

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THE ROLE OF STRUCTURED WRITING PARADIGM IN COPING WITH NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS BASED ON LINGUISTIC INQUIRY Zhou Xiang,Qian Jun,Wen Suxia 2009, 7(3):  207-212.  Abstract ( )   PDF (689KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics A linguistic inquiry was given to ninety texts of negative life events wrote in structured writing paradigm. Taking the total score, the social functioning score, the physical functioning score and the score of role limitations due to emotional problems of SF-36 as the dependent variable and the four psychological constructs of word categories as the independent variables, the regression analysis was carried out. It showed that the cognitive processes of writing has a positive impact on physical and mental health, social functions and physical functions, the social processes of writing has a negative impact on physical functions, and the feature dimensions of sensory and perceptual processes has a negative impact on the role limitations due to emotional problems. The current study also reveals the positive effects of written disclosure in coping with negative life events, and makes some preliminary exploration on the action mechanism of cognitive reconstruction and social interactions in dealing with negative life events.

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THE EFFECT OF CODE ADDITIVITY ON MEMORY CONJUNCTION ERRORS OF CHINESE CHARACTERS Wang Hongchun,Liu Ming,Zhang Jijia 2009, 7(3):  213-218.  Abstract ( )   PDF (588KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The memory conjunction errors were examined by using Chinese Characters. Experiment 1 took the form of the orthographic code and semantic code, and experiment 2 took the form of the orthographic code and phonological code. The results showed that there was significant increase in the false alarm to the lures, which proved that there was code additivity in the memory conjunction errors. The result could be explained by source of activation confusion(SAC)model. In addition to the concept nodes, there was a features and feature associations node bound to the episode node. False memory could be the reason of the familiarity producing by the activation of the feature and feature association nodes because of the resemblance of the orthographic, phonological or semantic code. The more resemblance between the lures and the primes, the more familiarity will occur, resulting in the higher false alarm to the lures.

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THE CHINESE VERSION OF THE CLUSTERING CHILD BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST Chen Guanghui,Xu Fuzhen,Li Jing,Zhang Wenxin 2009, 7(3):  219-225.  Abstract ( )   PDF (705KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study modified the Clustering Child Behavior Checklist by Frick et al into Chinese adolescents-self report questionnaire, teacher rating questionnaire, and peer rating questionnaire, so that researchers can directly explore children′s externalizing behaviors and multi-informants assessment. The subjects are 529 junior students from Jinan city and Weifang area. The results indicated that the framework of Frick et al. constructed was suitable to Chinese adolescents; the cronbach′s coefficient, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability of the three kinds of questionnaires can be accepted in this research; adolescents′ externalizing behaviors based on self-report were not relative to their peer rejection significantly, however, the same behaviors based on teacher rating or peer rating were relative to their peer rejection significantly; and peer rating questionnaire had the highest all reliability coefficients and the related coefficient to peer rejection among the three kinds of modified questionnaire.

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STEREOTYPE′S MENTAL REPRESENTATION: CATEGORY OR EXEMPLAR? Zhang Guoli,Wang Pei 2009, 7(3):  226-230.  Abstract ( )   PDF (480KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore stereotype′s mental representation, the study selected the sex stereotype which was comparatively strong and universal and manipulated different levels of abstract prototype and concrete exemplars, the results showed:(1)Stereotype in memory followed ″pyramid″ representational model, which was the priority of typical exemplars, second category took second place, and final was meta-category; atypical exemplars representation complied with meta-category.(2)Abstract prototype and concrete exemplars of stereotype were independent in certain procession; they followed the self-terminating serial processing pattern. (3)Abstract prototype and typical exemplars of stereotype had assimilation effect in succeeding information processing.

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MEMORY ADVANTAGE IN SURVIAL PROCESSING Li Hongli,Zhou Zongze,Xu Dongjun 2009, 7(3):  231-235.  Abstract ( )   PDF (536KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study replicated and extended the effect of scripts on memory by evolutionary views. The Authors explored the mnemonic result by recall or recognition when items was processed in different scripts. 124 undergradutes subjects conducted the three experiments programmed by Inquisit 2.0. The result of both Study 1 and Study 2 by between and within design showed survial processed enhanced mnemonic effect. Study 3 verified survival advantage in memory, and also found more time items processing, lower recognition error rate occured. The time length of processing items influnced mnemonic effect.

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THE REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF OVERCONFIDENCE Zhou Aibao,Zhao Xin 2009, 7(3):  236-240.  Abstract ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Overconfidence is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate their own accuracy. Overestimate and overplacement are considered as two central types of overconfidence occurred when individual assess his/her absolute ability and relative ability. In general, biases in information processing and effects of unbiased judgmental error are considered as the main reasons for overconfidence. Reasons for overplacement including motivation of self-enhancement, differential weighting and differential information have been considered. But those two types of overconfidence present separate phenomena in tasks with different difficulties. Recently, Bayesian overconfidence is put forward. The separations of two types of overconfidence in tasks with different difficulties are integrated by using Bayesian inference. The reason and internal psychological mechanism of overconfidence, the influence of overconfidence on decision-making, also the individual differences research in overconfidence will be the focus of this field in the future.