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20 December 2009, Volume 7 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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THE ATTITUDINAL AMBIVALENCE OF COGNITION TO HEPATITIS B PATIENTS GROUP: EVIDENCE FROM BEHAVIOR AND ERP Zhong Yiping,Xie Siyuan,Zhou Luping 2009, 7(4):  241-246.  Abstract ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Combining with GNAT paradigm and ERP, the different attitudes of subjects with were explored different ambivalence degree(high ambivalence VS. low ambivalence)toward special groups, and their differences in behavior and brain mechanism. The results show:(1)different attitudinal ambivalence toward hepatitis B patients is individual concurrent positive and negative evaluation to one object.(2)The different attitudes of subjects with different ambivalence degree mainly represent in positive dimension, but not in negative dimension.(3)The evidences of N270 appearance and LPC difference suggest that processing attitudinal ambivalence is the process of individual correcting one′s stored evaluation according to context.

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ROLE OF COPING STYLES AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN THE INCREASE OF QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA Sun Hongwei,Wang Jianping,Wang Yanyu,Song Yuping,Yang Zhihui 2009, 7(4):  247-252.  Abstract ( )   PDF (674KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the role of coping styles and social support in the increase of quality of life through psychological intervention in patients with asthma. 374 asthma patients were randomly assigned to study group and control group. Two groups were all taken chemotherapy and the study group was carried on systematic psychological intervention else. Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire(AQLQ), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were measured two times before and after the chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, the scores of every aspect of quality of life and the use of social support in two groups were all higher than before, but the change of study group was more significant than the control. Though the score of avoidance coping style was lower after psychological intervention, the change in control group was more significant. But for resignation coping style, the study group changed increasingly. Regression analysis revealed that the decrease of resignation and the increase of social support could predict the change of quality of life effectively.

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RELATION AMONG ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE, ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AND TEACHERS′ TURNOVER INTENTION Li Yongxin,Li Yinmin,Zhang Na,Shen Jiliang 2009, 7(4):  253-257.  Abstract ( )   PDF (522KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Organizational identification is a kind of social identification which is the perception of oneness with or belongingness to an organization. To explore the relation among organizational justice, organizational identification and teachers′ turnover intention, Mael′s Organizational Identification Questionnaire, Organizational Justice Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Questionnaire were administered to 700 primary and secondary school teachers. The results showed that(1)organizational justice is a significant positive predictor of teachers′ organizational identification,(2)organizational justice is an significant negative predictor of teachers′ turnover intention, and(3)mediation effects of organizational identification between organizational justice and teachers′ turnover intention is not significant.

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THE PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS IN UNDERGRADUATE COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUP AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PROBLEM SOLVING LEVEL Wang Jing,Chen Yinghe 2009, 7(4):  258-264.  Abstract ( )   PDF (616KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Three hundred and seven participants were divided into homogeneous field dependent group, homogeneous field independent group and heterogeneous group by the cognitive style of individual. The influence of problem solving process on problem solving level was investigated in two kinds of problem setting: open-end problem setting and reasoning problem setting. The results showed that:(1)In cooperative learning group, the problem setting but not cognitive style influenced the diversity perception, diversity integration, collaboration and satisfaction of individuals.(2)In reasoning problem solving setting, satisfaction served as a moderator factor between the score of cognitive style and the reasoning problem solving level, while in open-end problem solving setting there was no moderator factor.(3)In different problem setting, different kinds of group had different feeling, in open-end problem setting, the primary different feeling came from diversity perception, and compared to homogeneous groups, heterogeneous groups felt more diversity; in reasoning problem solving setting, the primary different feeling came from satisfaction, and field dependent homogenous groups had the most satisfaction.(4)Cooperation was one of the important factors which could influence the result of cooperative learning group.

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INHIBITION OF RETURN AND SPATIAL STROOP EFFECT Fu Jia,Zhang Ming 2009, 7(4):  265-268.  Abstract ( )   PDF (451KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The present study joined cue-target paradigm with spatial stroop task to investigate the role of spatial attention in spatial stroop task. The results showed that:(1)when spatial stroop stimuli were presented at a cued location, subjects showed a faster response on trials where its location and spatial dimensions are inconsistent, and there was a substantial reduction in the amount of spatial stroop;(2)IOR influenced the amount of spatial stroop. It has different effects in modulating spatial versus non-spatial stroop. Whether in congruent or incongtuent conditions, responses to spatial stroop task are faster than that to non-spatial stroop task.

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RETRIEVAL INHIBITION：EVIDENCE FROM DIRECTED FORGETTING IN AUDITORY MODALITY Shen Wangbing,Liu Chang,Wang Yongjuan 2009, 7(4):  269-273.  Abstract ( )   PDF (525KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Forty-five undergraduate students participated in Experiment 1 and twenty-four in Experiment 2. The two experiments which participants studied items from list-List 1 and List 2 both indicated there are directed forgetting effect, but in Experiment 1, it was fuzzy and tiny; however, it was clear in Experiment 2. When they participated in experiment 1, all subject only test a condition, either F-cue or R-cue, the result of it can be accounted by difference of subjects. Therefore, we conducted experiment 2, and we controlled the difference of subject, all participants both test in F-cue and R-cue, the order effect was counterbalance. It also acquired acoustical directed forgetting effect. Finally, the results showed that directed forgetting effect also existed in auditory materials and it supported retrieval inhibition theory.

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THE KNOWLEDGE EFFECT OF SIMILARITY JUDGMENT AND CATEGORIZATION JUDGMENT OF 4-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN Wu Haiying,Yin Guo′en 2009, 7(4):  274-279.  Abstract ( )   PDF (556KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using the categorizing learning pattern of sort knowledge,72 children from 4 years old to 6 years old were selected randomly as subjects. The experiment is designed to research on the knowledge effect of the similarity judgment and the categorization judgment by using between-group design. The results are as follow, for 4 years old to 6 years old children:(1)The category learning can influence the similarity judgment and the categorization judgment.(2)Results showed there is significant difference for the knowledge effect of similarity judgment between the different age children from 4 years old to 6 years old. There is no significant difference for the knowledge effect of categorization judgment between the different age children from 4 years old to 6 years old. 5-year-old is the best time for children to learn similarity judgment.(3)There is no significant difference for the knowledge effect of similarity judgment between the different sex, There is significant difference for the knowledge effect of categorization judgment between the different sex, the boys can receive the concept of mimicry much better than girls, and they can also make categorization operation depending more on the superficial features emphasized by the concept of mimicry.

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REVISION OF MATERIAL VALUE SCALE IN CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS Li Jing,Guo Yongyu 2009, 7(4):  280-283.  Abstract ( )   PDF (420KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics 449 undergraduates were investigated to revise the Material Value Scale(MVS)and examine its reliability and validity indexes. The explorative factor analysis showed that the revised MVS had three components similar to the original scale. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the sample data fit for the three-factor model. The internal consistency coefficient was 0.792, and the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.830. The criteria incidental validity was sound as well. The revised scale had good psychometric quality and can be used to measure the material values of Chinese college students.

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THE ACCURACY OF MEMORY MONITORING AND CONTROL AND WHAT IT MEANS TO EFFECTIVE MEMORY Zhang Jinkun,Bai Xuejun,Lian Rong 2009, 7(4):  284-288.  Abstract ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The experiment was a 2(Memory style: self-regulation vs. experiment control)×2(Test interval: 5min vs. 3days)mixed design, investigating the potential adverse effects of self-regulated learning and the influencing factors. Subjects learned two lists of low-association word pairs through different memory styles and then took a final test 5 minutes or 3 days later. We found that,(1)when the test given immediately, the accuracy kept the same between self-regulation and experiment control condition that all the pairs can be presented again. But when the retention interval was extended, the latter got better performance than the former;(2)subjects learning by self-regulating predicted their performance accurately when asked to do JOL to items they stopped studying; (3)the reason why self-regulated learning didn′t result in positive effect should be that people held the misguided belief about how memory works, and consequently underestimated the benefit of keeping studying the items that could be recalled once, which was enlightened by Kornell & Bjork(2006)and consistent with their conclusion. These results had implications for educational practice and the theoretical developments of the self-regulated learning.

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THE RATIO EFFECT IN 4 TO 5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN′S ONE-TO-ONE CORRESPONDENCE Song Ying,Hu Qingfen 2009, 7(4):  289-294.  Abstract ( )   PDF (464KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics One-to-one correspondence and magnitude comparison are two aspects of young children′s development of number concept. The experiments ask 40 four-year-old and 39 five-year-old children to complete one-to-one correspondence or magnitude comparison experimental task types, which contains different numerosity ratios. And the results are as follows:(1)there are ratio effect in both tasks, indicating that children employ the method of magnitude comparison to solve one-to-one problems;(2)the main effect of task types is significant, the accurate ratio in one-to-one correspondence task is significantly lower than that in magnitude comparison;(3)perception clues influence magnitude comparison judgement highly.

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THE EFFECTS OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF THE SOCIAL COMPARISON TARGETS ON THE OPERATE LEVEL Lei Dan,Zhao Yufang,Zhao Shouliang,Hu Li,He Wen 2009, 7(4):  295-299.  Abstract ( )   PDF (456KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Adopting the materials in the Treisman′ experiment named ″illusory conjunction″, the accurate rate and the reaction time were analyzed as the index of the levels of the behavior. The study tried to explore the effects of the different direction of the social comparison and the accessibility of the comparison target on the operate level in the cocation. The results showed that the main effect of the difference of the achievement was significant(the difference of the achievement was more, the accessibility was less). When the difference of the achievement was 20%, the participants would get the high levels of the behavior both in the upward social comparison and downward social comparison. The difference of the achievement of the rate of the conjunction accurate was: 20%、30%、10%、40% in the upward social comparison, and the difference of the achievement of the rate of the conjunction accurate was: 20%、10%、30%、40% in the upward social comparison. The participants who were in the upward social comparison were significant more intense than the participants who were in the downward social comparison.

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INVESTIGATION ON THE FIT OF UNFOLDING IRT MODELS TO RESPONSE DATA OF EPQ Deng Wengen,Dai Haiqi,Huang Hai,Dai Huiqun 2009, 7(4):  300-303.  Abstract ( )   PDF (434KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The fit of generalized graded unfolding model(GGUM)to the EPQ was investigated. Results suggested that (1)the assumption of unidimensionality was completely fulfilled in the E scale, and two principal components were remained by parallel analysis, and the loading of items to these components formed a fan-like pattern resembling a semicircle,(2)the constrained model(which was recorded as model A)of GGUM was best among four nested models, and(3)both model A and 2PLM provided similarly good fit to the N scale, but when applied to E or P scale, Model A showed better fit than 2PLM. Therefore, unfolding models rather than dominant counterparts are more useful in personality fields.

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THEORETICAL CONTROVERSY AND INTEGRATION OF TASK SWITCHING RESEARCH Huang Silin,Lin Chongde 2009, 7(4):  304-311.  Abstract ( )   PDF (761KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Task switching is an important function of executive control. The difference between the reaction times(or errors)required for task-switch and task-repeat trials is called switch cost, and some research have attempted to specify its nature and origins to uncover the mechanisms underlying task switching performance. However, there are three different theories as to whether switch cost is an indicator of the duration of executive control: task-set reconfiguration, task-set inertia and task set priming/associative retrieval. First, basic viewpoints, experimental evidences and the mechanism of task switching in the three theories were reviewed respectively. Second, we present some research about the integration of these theories. In the end, we briefed several problems and prospected the developmental tendency in this research field in the future.

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REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF TWO NEGATIVE PRIMING EFFECTS IN SELECTIVE ATTENTION Gan Tian,Luo Yuejia 2009, 7(4):  312-318.  Abstract ( )   PDF (772KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This article reviews and summarizes the negative priming literatures in selective attention by the comparison of identity negative priming and location negative priming. These two kinds of negative priming are compared along with their methods, behavioral results and related neural mechanisms, the cognitive mechanisms of negative priming are simply introduced,and several reasons are discussed to explain the distinct and relationship between identity and location negative priming, including the differences between objects and locations selective attention, the nervous pathways of visual processing and working memory. Furthermore, the review suggests that research on the differences and brain mechanisms of identity and location negative priming will be helpful to the further studies on negative priming and its mechanism, and the negative priming paradigm will be applied widely in the research on inhibition and the mechanism of selective attention.