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20 June 2003, Volume 1 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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CURRENT SITUATION OF PSYCHOLOGY IN CHINA AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS Zhang Kan 2003, 1(2):  81-85.  Abstract ( )   PDF (585KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics Situations of current developments and problems of research and application of psychology in China have been summarized and analyzed. It is indicated that the cause of problems related to psychology in China is from the large gap between social demands to psychology and the capacity of psychology in China. In order to promote psychology in China, the aspects are suggested on adapting suitable policies, increasing investments, having more knowledge dissemination to public and giving more attention to personal training.

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POSTMODERNISM AND HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY Che Wenbo 2003, 1(2):  86-88.  Abstract ( )   PDF (403KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics There was some resemble of the social-culture context of Postmodernism and Humanistic Psychology. They related the crisis of American society and alienation of spirit. Because they come under the phenomenology, existentialism and Fruedism, Postmodernism stroke Humanistic Psychology. At the same time, Postmodernism and Humanistic Psychology have some similar points such as opposing scientism, reconstructing interpersonal communication and realizing individuality.

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THE CONFIRMATION OF CHINESE PERSONALITY STRUCTURE AND THE RESULT OF ADJECTIVE RATINGS Cui Hong, Wang Dengfeng 2003, 1(2):  89-95.  Abstract ( )   PDF (708KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Both similarities and differences were found between Chinese and Western personality structures. As a further evidence of Yang & Wang （1999） on Chinese Personality, this research applied the same Chinese Adjective List with a systematic reduction （273 of 410）, and subject numbers were expanded from 733 （the ratio of item / subject was 1:1.8） to 1511 （the ratio was 1:5.5）. The result indicated that, compared with the "big five" model of Western personality researches, Chinese personality structure were consisted of seven dimensions with 15 secondary factors. The seven dimensions were named as: （1）Wisdom; （2）Behavior Style; （3）Extroversion; （4）Ways of Life; （5）Interpersonal Relations; （6）Well-Disposed; （7）Neuroticism. The rating scores on every dimension and secondary factors were compared between college students and adults, and the theoretical and practical implications of the Chinese personality structure were also discussed.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND LIFE EVENTS OF JUNIOR SCHOOL STUDENTS Wang Jisheng, Ding Xinhua 2003, 1(2):  96-99.  Abstract ( )   PDF (363KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between subjective well-being and life events in junior school students, 294 junior school students were administered by Subjective Well-being Scale and Adolescence Life Event Scale. The results are as follows: （1）Subjective Well-being Scale of middle school students had high reliability and validity; （2）The score of subjective well-being（SWB）of junior school students was higher than mean score, the students experienced much more positive emotion and satisfactory feeling with family, self, study, friends, teachers and living conditions. There were significant sex differences among total swb, family satisfaction, self satisfaction, friends satisfaction and living conditions satisfaction, and in these categories the scores for girls were higher than that for boys; （3）The total score of swb was positively related to life events, while it was negatively related to dislike of school, overburden studying, disharmony with teachers, criticism or discipline by parents. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that there were three significant predictors for total SWB among dislike of school, overburden studying and disharmony with teachers.

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VALUE ORIENTATION OF PRESENT CHINESE PROFESSIONALS Jin Shenghua, Li Hui 2003, 1(2):  100-104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (563KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics 428 professionals from 8 provinces were studied with the QVOC ( Questionnaire of Value Orientation for Chinese), the findings indicate that, as a whole, the value orientation of present Chinese professionals is positive and pro-social. The aspects of sex, education and age have significant influence on some parts of value orientation, and there is no significant influence on value orientation from factors of income, marriage and family structure.

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GATING PARADIGM: AN APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATION OF SPOKEN WORD RECOGNITION Wu Ningning, Shu Hua 2003, 1(2):  105-109.  Abstract ( )   PDF (666KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In studies of spoken word recognition, traditional reaction time （RT） tasks only give us quantitative information rather than qualitative information. The advantage of gating paradigm over RT tasks is that it provides both kinds of above information, which benefits researchers on observing an overall on-line process of spoken word recognition in detail. Furthermore, gating is also used in developmental studies and it is fit for special groups, such as children with reading problem, adults with aphasia, etc. This paper introduced the essential facets of gating paradigm and its limited application in Chinese studies, in order to make it more realized and used by Chinese psychologists.

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USING OF LEARNING STRATEGY IN MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS Zhang Xiangkui, Zhang Lin, Wang Ying 2003, 1(2):  110-115.  Abstract ( )   PDF (578KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using the Learning Strategy Scale to test the general characteristics about applying learning strategies with 442 subjects selected randomly from two middle schools. The results showed that the Learning Strategy Scale for Middle-School Students was very reliable and valid, and could be used to measure these learning strategies. Applications of the learning strategies in the junior school students were different significantly from the senior school students, but both decreased with grade. The girls′ performances were much better than the boys′ on the applications of the regulating strategies, while the boys′ performances were better significantly than the girls′ on the cognition strategies. There were significant interactions between grade and gender on the applications of both the deep-processing and the feedback-regulating strategies. There were also significant differences on the applications of the learning strategies between the students whose learning achievements were better and those whose learning achievements were worse in Grade 2 in both junior and senior school. Moreover, there were significant differences on the deep-processing, retrieval-applying and feedback-regulating strategies.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPLICIT COLOR LEARNING OF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS Guo Xiuyan, Zou Yumei, Li Qiang, Sun Yi 2003, 1(2):  116-121.  Abstract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this experimental research, we used 48 middle-school student subjects to explore the effect of learning materials （color blocks and color words） on the performance of implicit learning. And we studied the effect of time through the whole process of study. The result showed that: 1. Non-linguistic materials （color blocks） was fit for implicit learning much more than linguistic （color words） one; 2. Learning performance was better with time, which is named long time efficacy. The long time efficacy of implicit learning is important to teaching; 3. The performance of the implicit-learning group was better than that of the explicit-learning group, through which we can reasonably figure out the superiority of implicit learning. Our hypothesis that the difference of materials would have an effect on implicit learning was experimentally supported.

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A COMPARISON OF CHILDREN′S ATTITUDES TOWARDS BULLYING BETWEEN CHINESE AND BRITISH CHILDREN Ji Linqin, Zhang Wenxin, Kevin Jones, Nannette Smith 2003, 1(2):  122-127.  Abstract ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics A modified version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was administered on around 9000 Chinese and 1000 British children in order to explore the characteristics and differences of children′s attitudes towards bullying. The main results were as follows（1）The Chinese children held more positive attitudes towards bullying than the British children;（2）There were gender and age differences in children′s attitudes towards bullying. Girls held much more positive attitudes towards bullying than boys, and primary school children held much more positive attitudes towards bullying than children in junior middle school; （3）Children′s role in the bullying/victimization was associated with their attitudes towards bullying. The non-involved children held the most positive attitudes towards bullying, next came the victims and bully/victims, while the bullies held the most negative attitudes towards bullying; （4）Children were more apt to show sympathy for the victims than the inclination to actually help the victims.

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EFFECTS OF BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE ON 4 TO 8 YEARS OLD CHILDREN AND UNDERGRADUATES′ CLASSIFICATION Ding Xinmeng, Yin Guo′en 2003, 1(2):  128-132.  Abstract ( )   PDF (465KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Using 4 to 8 years old children and undergraduates as subjects, dummy pictures as stimuli materials, and 2（background knowledge）×6（age）design, we examined the effects of context on 4 to 8 years old children and undergraduates′ classification. The results are as follows: First, the significant age difference appears under the two conditions. Second, giving or not giving background knowledge has different effects on different ages. The two conditions have no significant effects on 4 to 5 years old children′ classification, but have significant effects on 6 to 8 years old children and under graduates.

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A STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS′ SELF-ESTEEM Li Hong 2003, 1(2):  133-136.  Abstract ( )   PDF (331KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The major purpose of the study was to describe the self-esteem for college students. The measure was Rosenberg′s Self-esteem Scale. The total sample consisted of 788 college students from the first year to third year students at three universities in Beijing. The Results showed that about 80 percentage of the respondents were considered to exhibit high self-esteem, and the other 20 percentage were considered to exhibit low self-esteem.

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INTENTIONAL FORGETTING FOR PUPILS WITH DIFFERENT ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT Song Yaowu, Bai Xuejun, Tao Yun 2003, 1(2):  137-142.  Abstract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The single words and double words were used in this experiment. The whole experiment is presented with list. 30 pupils in Grade 6 were participated which were divided into 15 pupils who have good learning work and 15 ones who have bad learning work respectively. The results are as follows: （1） For the single words, the subjects not only rehearsed the intentional items that asked to memorize but also were observed the retrieval inhibition to the items that asked to forget. For the double words, the subjects were just observed the retrieval inhibition to the items that asked to forget, but no intentional rehearsal was found to the items that asked to memorize. （2） The inhibition on the intentional forgetting of the subjects who have good academic performance is higher than that of the pupils who have poor academic performance significantly.

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ON MAN′S MENTAL QUALITY Zhang Dajun 2003, 1(2):  143-146.  Abstract ( )   PDF (410KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Mental quality is a localized concept in our country′s competence education practice. In a logical sequence of "quality-mental quality-mental quality and mental phenomena", the essence of quality and mental quality was explored, and the suggestion hold that mental quality is a person′s relatively steady, essential and implicit quality which formed in practice and mental activities, based on his innate physiological basis, through the interaction between one and his environment and education. Mental quality, to be one of the most important components of quality, based on the physiological condition, assimilated the acquired outer stimuli into steady and essential quality of one′s mentality, and has foundational, derivative and developmental functions which related to one′s adaptive and creative behavior.

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DIVERGENCE AND INTEGRATION ON DISCOURSE PROCESSING THEORIES IN THE WEST Leng Ying, Mo Lei 2003, 1(2):  147-150.  Abstract ( )   PDF (423KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Contemporary researches on discourse comprehension have developed many theories by which the researchers attempted to make clear the information processing during reading. After stating the development and the basic points of the theory of constructionist, minimalist hypothesis, and memory-based text processing, typical experiments supporting those theories are introduced. The divergence and integration on those theories can be seen.

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AN OVERVIEW OF ERP STUDIE OF PRIMING EFFECT Lü Yong, Han Zongyi, Du Yingchun 2003, 1(2):  151-155.  Abstract ( )   PDF (521KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In recent years, both native and overseas researchers do many works on the priming effect by means of ERP and observe some significative results. For example, they find that neural mechanism of visual motion priming is different from other kinds of perceptual priming. In addition, words repetition effects are different from object repetition priming. It concerns both earlier and later stage of visual processing. ERP study in semantic priming is mainly focused on N400 and N450. This paper aims at giving introduction and drawing conclusions for some important research in ERP studies of priming effect. Eventually, we discuss some problems of basic research paradigm in this field.

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REVIEW OF EYE MOVEMENT THEORIES ON READING Yan Guoli, Bai Xuejun, Chen Xiangyang 2003, 1(2):  156-160.  Abstract ( )   PDF (481KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Reviewing the main eye movement theories on reading, the early theories（Visual buffer theory, Immediacy assumption, Eye mind assumption） and the latest theories（Strategy-tactics modes, E-Z Reader） were evaluated.