青少年儿童期情感虐待与忽视对抑郁的影响：不安全依恋、自责和责备他人的中介作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考察青少年儿童期情感虐待和忽视、不安全依恋、自责、责备他人与抑郁之间的关系，研究采用自陈式问卷对4933名青少年进行了调查。结果发现，儿童期情感虐待与忽视能够直接正向预测抑郁。情感虐待可以通过不安全依恋、自责和责备他人间接预测抑郁，还可以通过焦虑依恋分别经自责和责备他人的多重中介、通过回避依恋经责备他人的多重中介间接预测抑郁。而情感忽视则通过回避依恋和自责间接预测抑郁，或通过回避依恋经责备他人的多重中介间接预测抑郁。更重要的是，情感虐待通过焦虑依恋和回避依恋预测抑郁的间接效应显著大于情感忽视通过两种依恋维度对抑郁预测的间接效应。结果说明，青少年的不安全依恋、自责或责备他人中介了儿童期情感虐待与忽视对抑郁的作用。相对于情感忽视，情感虐待与青少年抑郁症状的关系更紧密。

关键词: 儿童期情感虐待与忽视, 抑郁, 不安全依恋, 自责, 责备他人

Abstract:

To investigate the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and neglect, insecure attachments, self-blame, blaming others, and depression in adolescents, a self-report questionnaire survey was conducted with 4933 adolescents. The results showed that childhood emotional abuse and neglect directly and positively predicted depression. Emotional abuse indirectly predicted depression through insecure attachments, self-blame, and blaming others, and also through multiple mediators of anxious attachment via self-blame and blaming others, and through multiple mediators of avoidant attachment via blaming others. Emotional neglect predicted depression indirectly through avoidant attachment and self-blame, or through multiple mediators of avoidant attachment via blaming others. More importantly, the indirect effects of emotional abuse predicting depression through anxious attachment and avoidant attachment were significantly greater than the indirect effects of emotional neglect predicting depression through two dimensions of attachment. The results indicated that insecure attachments, self-blame, or blaming others mediate the impact of childhood emotional abuse and neglect on depression in adolescents. Compared to emotional neglect, emotional abuse has a closer relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Key words: childhood emotional abuse and neglect, depression, insecure attachments, self-blame, blaming others

叶莹莹, 李伊凡, 亓军军, 刘艳, 周宵. 青少年儿童期情感虐待与忽视对抑郁的影响：不安全依恋、自责和责备他人的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 234-242.

Yingying YE, Yifan LI, Junjun QI, Yan LIU, Xiao ZHOU. The Impact of Childhood Emotional Abuse and Neglect on Depression Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Insecure Attachments, Self-Blame, and Blaming Others[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 234-242.

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变量	M(SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.儿童期情感虐待	2.27 (2.65)
2.儿童期情感忽视	4.71 (4.15)	0.21***
3.回避依恋	61.59 (19.47)	0.24***	0.36***
4.焦虑依恋	56.43 (15.60)	0.19***	0.07***	0.19***
5.自责	8.77 (2.16)	0.11***	−0.03*	0.03*	0.13***
6.责备他人	6.06 (2.82)	0.13***	0.03*	0.11***	0.25***	0.04*
7.抑郁	19.42 (8.04)	0.27***	0.19***	0.37***	0.35***	0.18***	0.18***

变量	M(SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6
1.儿童期情感虐待	2.27 (2.65)
2.儿童期情感忽视	4.71 (4.15)	0.21***
3.回避依恋	61.59 (19.47)	0.24***	0.36***
4.焦虑依恋	56.43 (15.60)	0.19***	0.07***	0.19***
5.自责	8.77 (2.16)	0.11***	−0.03*	0.03*	0.13***
6.责备他人	6.06 (2.82)	0.13***	0.03*	0.11***	0.25***	0.04*
7.抑郁	19.42 (8.04)	0.27***	0.19***	0.37***	0.35***	0.18***	0.18***

路径	间接效应估计值	95%置信区间	p
儿童期情感虐待至抑郁的间接总效应	0.137	[0.121, 0.155]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→回避依恋→抑郁	0.054	[0.044, 0.066]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→焦虑依恋→抑郁	0.056	[0.046, 0.068]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→自责→抑郁	0.012	[0.007, 0.018]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→责备他人→抑郁	0.007	[0.004, 0.012]	0.001
儿童期情感虐待→回避依恋→自责→抑郁	0.000	[–0.001, 0.001]	0.504
儿童期情感虐待→回避依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.001	(0.000, 0.002]	0.011
儿童期情感虐待→焦虑依恋→自责→抑郁	0.003	[0.002, 0.004]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→焦虑依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.004	[0.002, 0.005]	<0.001
儿童期情感忽视至抑郁的间接总效应	0.104	[0.085, 0.124]	<0.001
儿童期情感忽视→回避依恋→抑郁	0.106	[0.092, 0.121]	<0.001
儿童期情感忽视→焦虑依恋→抑郁	0.006	[–0.003, 0.015]	0.166
儿童期情感忽视→自责→抑郁	–0.009	[–0.015, –0.005]	0.001
儿童期情感忽视→责备他人→抑郁	–0.002	[–0.005, 0.001]	0.277
儿童期情感忽视→回避依恋→自责→抑郁	0.001	[–0.001, 0.002]	0.502
儿童期情感忽视→回避依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.002	[0.001, 0.003]	0.010
儿童期情感忽视→焦虑依恋→自责→抑郁	0.000	[0.000, 0.001]	0.189
儿童期情感忽视→焦虑依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.000	[0.000, 0.001]	0.197

路径	间接效应估计值	95%置信区间	p
儿童期情感虐待至抑郁的间接总效应	0.137	[0.121, 0.155]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→回避依恋→抑郁	0.054	[0.044, 0.066]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→焦虑依恋→抑郁	0.056	[0.046, 0.068]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→自责→抑郁	0.012	[0.007, 0.018]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→责备他人→抑郁	0.007	[0.004, 0.012]	0.001
儿童期情感虐待→回避依恋→自责→抑郁	0.000	[–0.001, 0.001]	0.504
儿童期情感虐待→回避依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.001	(0.000, 0.002]	0.011
儿童期情感虐待→焦虑依恋→自责→抑郁	0.003	[0.002, 0.004]	<0.001
儿童期情感虐待→焦虑依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.004	[0.002, 0.005]	<0.001
儿童期情感忽视至抑郁的间接总效应	0.104	[0.085, 0.124]	<0.001
儿童期情感忽视→回避依恋→抑郁	0.106	[0.092, 0.121]	<0.001
儿童期情感忽视→焦虑依恋→抑郁	0.006	[–0.003, 0.015]	0.166
儿童期情感忽视→自责→抑郁	–0.009	[–0.015, –0.005]	0.001
儿童期情感忽视→责备他人→抑郁	–0.002	[–0.005, 0.001]	0.277
儿童期情感忽视→回避依恋→自责→抑郁	0.001	[–0.001, 0.002]	0.502
儿童期情感忽视→回避依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.002	[0.001, 0.003]	0.010
儿童期情感忽视→焦虑依恋→自责→抑郁	0.000	[0.000, 0.001]	0.189
儿童期情感忽视→焦虑依恋→责备他人→抑郁	0.000	[0.000, 0.001]	0.197

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