初中生身体监控与抑郁症状的纵向关系研究：主观幸福感的中介作用

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当今社交媒体的广泛使用让个体时刻都对自己或他人的外表进行评价，对于步入青春期的中学生而言这一现象更为常见。基于此，本研究以物化理论为基础，采用纵向研究设计，对756名初中生进行了为期半年的两次追踪调查。结果显示：(1)T1身体监控正向预测T2抑郁症状，但T1抑郁症状无法显著预测T2身体监控；(2)初中生身体监控与抑郁症状间的关系存在性别差异。具体表现为男生T1身体监控无法显著预测T2抑郁症状，女生T1身体监控正向预测T2抑郁症状；(3)主观幸福感在初中生身体监控与抑郁症状间起到纵向中介作用。本研究揭示了初中生身体监控与抑郁症状之间的关系及内在机制，为改善初中生心理健康状况提供了新的思路。

关键词: 身体监控, 抑郁症状, 主观幸福感, 纵向研究, 初中生

Abstract:

In the modern era, with the extensive use of social media, individuals are constantly evaluating their own or others’ appearances. This phenomenon is even more prevalent among adolescent middle school students. Based on the objectification theory, the present study adopted a longitudinal study design to explore the longitudinal relationship and internal mechanisms between body surveillance and depressive symptoms among junior school students. Two-wave follow-up surveys on a sample of 756 junior school students over a period of six months were conducted. The results showed that: 1) T1 body surveillance significantly predicted T2 depressive symptoms. 2) There were significant gender differences in the cross-lagged model between body surveillance and depressive symptoms. Specifically, T1 body surveillance did not significantly predict T2 depressive symptoms in boys, while T1 body surveillance positively predicted T2 depressive symptoms in girls. 3) Regression analysis showed that subjective well-being played a longitudinal mediating role between body surveillance and depressive symptoms. These findings reveal the relationship and internal mechanism between body surveillance and depressive symptoms among junior school students, providing suggestions for enhancing the mental health status of junior school students.

Key words: body surveillance, depressive symptoms, subjective well-being, longitudinal study, junior school students

胡义秋, 何震, 曾子豪, 赵纤, 常梦梦. 初中生身体监控与抑郁症状的纵向关系研究：主观幸福感的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(1): 58-65.

Yiqiu HU, Zhen HE, Zihao ZENG, Xian ZHAO, Mengmeng CHANG. A Longitudinal Relationship Between Body Surveillance and Depressive Symptoms Among Junior School Students: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-Being[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(1): 58-65.

图/表 4

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变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5
1. T1身体监控	27.61±8.80
2. T2身体监控	29.19±10.47	0.22***
3. T1主观幸福感	36.15±17.72	−0.30***	−0.19***
4. T2主观幸福感	32.37±17.79	−0.17***	−0.31***	0.31***
5. T1抑郁症状	8.55±6.17	0.25***	0.16***	−0.71***	−0.33***
6. T2抑郁症状	10.05±6.29	0.11**	0.12**	−0.26***	−0.60***	0.30***

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5
1. T1身体监控	27.61±8.80
2. T2身体监控	29.19±10.47	0.22***
3. T1主观幸福感	36.15±17.72	−0.30***	−0.19***
4. T2主观幸福感	32.37±17.79	−0.17***	−0.31***	0.31***
5. T1抑郁症状	8.55±6.17	0.25***	0.16***	−0.71***	−0.33***
6. T2抑郁症状	10.05±6.29	0.11**	0.12**	−0.26***	−0.60***	0.30***

变量	模型	χ²/df	RMSEA	CFI	TLI	SRMR	模型比较	∆RMSEA	∆CFI
身体监控	M1：形态等值	8.24	0.11	0.86	0.85	0.09
	M2：单位等值	8.24	0.11	0.85	0.84	0.09	M2 vs M1	−0.002	0.003
	M3：尺度等值	8.23	0.11	0.85	0.84	0.09	M3 vs M2	−0.004	0.004
生活满意度	M1：形态等值	10.31	0.11	0.96	0.94	0.03
	M2：单位等值	9.38	0.11	0.96	0.94	0.03	M2 vs M1	0.005	0.001
	M3：尺度等值	8.36	0.10	0.96	0.95	0.03	M3 vs M2	0.006	−0.001
积极情绪	M1：形态等值	7.23	0.09	0.96	0.94	0.04
	M2：单位等值	6.80	0.09	0.96	0.95	0.04	M2 vs M1	0.003	0.001
	M3：尺度等值	6.21	0.08	0.96	0.95	0.04	M3 vs M2	0.005	−0.001
消极情绪	M1：形态等值	5.72	0.08	0.95	0.92	0.03
	M2：单位等值	5.52	0.08	0.94	0.92	0.04	M2 vs M1	−0.002	0.009
	M3：尺度等值	5.40	0.08	0.94	0.93	0.04	M3 vs M2	0.005	−0.002
抑郁症状	M1：形态等值	7.44	0.09	0.87	0.84	0.07
	M2：单位等值	7.49	0.09	0.86	0.84	0.08	M2 vs M1	−0.001	0.009
	M3：尺度等值	7.11	0.09	0.86	0.85	0.08	M3 vs M2	0.003	−0.001

变量	模型	χ²/df	RMSEA	CFI	TLI	SRMR	模型比较	∆RMSEA	∆CFI
身体监控	M1：形态等值	8.24	0.11	0.86	0.85	0.09
	M2：单位等值	8.24	0.11	0.85	0.84	0.09	M2 vs M1	−0.002	0.003
	M3：尺度等值	8.23	0.11	0.85	0.84	0.09	M3 vs M2	−0.004	0.004
生活满意度	M1：形态等值	10.31	0.11	0.96	0.94	0.03
	M2：单位等值	9.38	0.11	0.96	0.94	0.03	M2 vs M1	0.005	0.001
	M3：尺度等值	8.36	0.10	0.96	0.95	0.03	M3 vs M2	0.006	−0.001
积极情绪	M1：形态等值	7.23	0.09	0.96	0.94	0.04
	M2：单位等值	6.80	0.09	0.96	0.95	0.04	M2 vs M1	0.003	0.001
	M3：尺度等值	6.21	0.08	0.96	0.95	0.04	M3 vs M2	0.005	−0.001
消极情绪	M1：形态等值	5.72	0.08	0.95	0.92	0.03
	M2：单位等值	5.52	0.08	0.94	0.92	0.04	M2 vs M1	−0.002	0.009
	M3：尺度等值	5.40	0.08	0.94	0.93	0.04	M3 vs M2	0.005	−0.002
抑郁症状	M1：形态等值	7.44	0.09	0.87	0.84	0.07
	M2：单位等值	7.49	0.09	0.86	0.84	0.08	M2 vs M1	−0.001	0.009
	M3：尺度等值	7.11	0.09	0.86	0.85	0.08	M3 vs M2	0.003	−0.001

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