视觉工作记忆对自上而下注意控制的影响：发展视角的探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 注意控制探讨个体以何种方式选择性地注意外界信息。本研究从发展角度探讨视觉工作记忆对自上而下注意控制的影响。研究采用记忆任务与视觉搜索任务相结合的范式，以小学三、四、五年级学生为被试，从视觉工作记忆中信息性质和视觉工作记忆负荷两个角度考察了视觉工作记忆对自上而下注意控制影响的发展特点。结果发现，（1）自上而下注意控制能力存在年级差异，小学五年级学生的成绩显著优于小学三年级学生；（2）视觉工作记忆内容影响自上而下注意控制，目标相关信息促进目标搜索，而目标无关信息干扰目标搜索；（3）视觉工作记忆负荷影响自上而下注意控制，高视觉工作记忆负荷条件下的反应时显著长于低视觉工作记忆负荷。

关键词: 视觉工作记忆, 自上而下注意控制, 小学生

Abstract: The process of attention is based on two ways of attentional control. This study investigated how visual working memory influence top-down attentional control from developmental perspective. Using dual-task paradigm (one task is memory task, the other is visual search task), with the participants of 3, 4 and 5 grade primary school students, the study investigated how visual working memory contents and load influence top-down attentional control. The results showed that:(1) The age difference in top-down attentional control among 3, 4 and 5 grade is significant, the performances of 5 grade students are better than that of 3 grade students.(2)Visual working memory contents influence top-down attentional control. The performance of visual search was promoted by target related item and disturbed by target unrelated item.(3)Visual working memory load has an effect on top-down attentional control; the Rts of high visual working memory load is longer than that of low visual working memory load.

Key words: visual working memory, top-down attentional control, pupil

中图分类号:

B842.3

杨海波. 视觉工作记忆对自上而下注意控制的影响：发展视角的探讨[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11(3): 312-317.

Yang Haibo. The influence of visual working memory on top-down attentional control: A developmental perspective study[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2013, 11(3): 312-317.

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