任务切换的老化效应

心理与行为研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 359-366.

任务切换的老化效应

杨秀杰¹, 韩雨歌¹, 王大华²

1 北京师范大学心理学院,北京 100875;
2 北京师范大学发展心理研究所, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2012-09-13 出版日期:2013-05-20 发布日期:2015-02-15
通讯作者: 王大华,女,北京师范大学心理学院教授,博士。E-mail：wangdahua@bnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨秀杰,女,北京师范大学心理学院本科生。
基金资助:
本研究得到国家基地科学人才培养基金项目（J11003601、J1210048）的资助

The Aging Effect of Task Switching

Yang Xiujie, Han Yuge, Wang Dahua

School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875

Received:2012-09-13 Online:2013-05-20 Published:2015-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用任务线索范式（task-cueing paradigm）,考察年龄对两个不同来源的切换损失的影响。实验一操控准备时间考察内源性切换损失,实验二操控首尾任务的异同考察外源性切换损失。以被试执行切换任务和重复任务的正确反应时为主要指标,结果发现：（1）在执行不同类型的任务时,老化效应极其明显,青年人反应时普遍快于老年人,错误率普遍低于老年人;（2）内源性任务范式中重复任务和切换任务老化速度不一致,老化对切换任务影响更大,而外源性任务范式中CBA和ABA任务老化速度基本一致;（3）青年人和老年人在内源切换损失、外源切换损失上不存在显著差异。本研究结论如下：整体上老年人的任务切换成绩差于年轻人,与外源性任务相比,内源性切换任务的成绩更易受老化的影响。

关键词: 任务线索范式, 切换损失, 损失来源, 老化

Abstract: Task-cueing paradigm was used to observe the influence of age on task switching from two different aspects. In experiment 1, set-up time was manipulated to calculate the endogenous switching cost. In experiment 2, the difference between the first task and the last task was manipulated to investigate the external switching cost. The results are that(1)he aging effect was obvious, that is, the reaction time of the old people was significantly longer than the young, and the error rate was higher.(2)There were no significant differences between the old and young on endogenous switching loss and the exogenous switching cost.(3)The aging effects on task switching of endogenous repeat tasks and endogenous switching tasks were unanimous, but the aging effects of exogenous repeat tasks and exogenous switching tasks were accord well together. The conclusion is that the elders′ performance was worse than the young. In addition, aging affects endogenous switching task more easily than endogenous task.

Key words: task-cueing paradigm, switching cost, switching source, aging effect

中图分类号:

B844.4

杨秀杰, 韩雨歌, 王大华. 任务切换的老化效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2013, 11(3): 359-366.

Yang Xiujie, Han Yuge, Wang Dahua. The Aging Effect of Task Switching[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2013, 11(3): 359-366.

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