“双减”背景下小学生睡眠质量的潜在转变及情绪的影响

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2025.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以722名小学生为被试开展为期1年的3次追踪研究，采用潜在转变分析考察“双减”背景下小学生睡眠质量潜在类别的转变及情绪的影响作用。结果表明：(1)“双减”政策前后，小学生睡眠质量存在异质性分化，每个时间点下存在3个类别；(2)“双减”政策颁布后，小学生良好组稳定性较强，其余存在睡眠问题的亚组易向良好组转变，且T2～T3较T1～T2的转变概率增大；(3)“双减”政策颁布9个月后，积极情绪对小学生睡眠质量的转变具有积极影响，而消极情绪则会产生消极影响。本研究不仅有助于深入理解“双减”政策背景下，小学生睡眠质量潜在类别的发展变化及情绪的影响作用，还为小学生睡眠质量的“分类管理”实践提供依据。

关键词: 睡眠质量, 潜在转变分析, 情绪, 小学生, “双减”政策

Abstract:

The study used Latent Transition Analysis to examine the categories of sleep quality transformation and their influencing factors among primary school students under the “double reduction” policy. A total of 722 primary school students were longitudinally tracked to assess their sleep quality before (T1) and after (T2, T3) the promulgation of the “double reduction” policy. The results showed that: 1) before and after the promulgation of the “double reduction” policy, there was heterogeneous differentiation in the sleep quality among primary school students, with three categories identified at each time point; 2) after the promulgation of the “double reduction” policy, the good-sleep group had a strong stability, while the other subgroups with sleep problems were more likely to transit to the good sleep category; the transition probability of T2~T3 was higher than that of T1~T2; 3) nine months after the promulgation of the “double reduction” policy, positive emotions had a protective effect on transitions in sleep quality of primary school students, whereas negative emotions posed a risk for decline. This study not only helps to deepen the understanding of the developmental changes and the influence of emotion of primary school students’ sleep quality, but also provides empirical evidence for verifying the implementation effect of the “double reduction” policy and the classification management of primary school students’ sleep quality.

Key words: sleep quality, latent transition analysis, emotion, primary school students, “double reduction” policy

吴旻, 李双妍, 宋文琦, 郑天鹏. “双减”背景下小学生睡眠质量的潜在转变及情绪的影响[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2025, 23(1): 49-57.

Min WU, Shuangyan LI, Wenqi SONG, Tianpeng ZHENG. Latent Transition Analysis of Children’s Sleep Quality and the Emotional Influence in Primary School Against the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025, 23(1): 49-57.

图/表 5

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变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.T1睡眠质量
2.T1积极情绪	−0.14**
3.T1消极情绪	0.31**	0.30**
4.T2睡眠质量	0.24**	−0.01	0.16**
5.T2积极情绪	−0.06	0.34**	0.02	0.00
6.T2消极情绪	0.17**	0.05	0.29**	0.52**	0.18**
7.T3睡眠质量	0.02	0.00	0.02	−0.05	0.01	−0.04
M_总体	20.32	28.00	23.63	17.03	28.56	21.00	17.99
SD_总体	6.29	7.49	8.03	8.59	8.18	7.69	9.60

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.T1睡眠质量
2.T1积极情绪	−0.14**
3.T1消极情绪	0.31**	0.30**
4.T2睡眠质量	0.24**	−0.01	0.16**
5.T2积极情绪	−0.06	0.34**	0.02	0.00
6.T2消极情绪	0.17**	0.05	0.29**	0.52**	0.18**
7.T3睡眠质量	0.02	0.00	0.02	−0.05	0.01	−0.04
M_总体	20.32	28.00	23.63	17.03	28.56	21.00	17.99
SD_总体	6.29	7.49	8.03	8.59	8.18	7.69	9.60

时间点	类别数目	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMRT(p)	BLRT(p)	所占比例(%)
T1	2	10396.78	10471.58	10420.77	0.84	<0.001	<0.001	77.29/22.71
	3	10226.25	10329.09	10259.23	0.91	<0.001	<0.001	53.57/31.21/15.22
	4	10094.09	10224.98	10136.06	0.83	0.105	<0.001	54.15/17.64/17.26/10.95
T2	2	8796.20	8868.81	8818.01	0.91	0.002	<0.001	71.44/28.56
	3	8531.93	8631.77	8561.92	0.81	0.012	<0.001	58.00/28.04/13.96
	4	8315.17	8442.24	8353.34	0.89	0.002	<0.001	47.51/17.32/21.96/13.21
T3	2	8564.56	8637.60	8586.80	0.93	0.001	<0.001	73.56/26.44
	3	8239.00	8339.43	8269.58	0.87	0.026	<0.001	59.57/26.62/13.81
	4	8006.52	8134.35	8045.44	0.92	<0.001	<0.001	58.03/19.52/9.89/12.56

时间点	类别数目	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMRT(p)	BLRT(p)	所占比例(%)
T1	2	10396.78	10471.58	10420.77	0.84	<0.001	<0.001	77.29/22.71
	3	10226.25	10329.09	10259.23	0.91	<0.001	<0.001	53.57/31.21/15.22
	4	10094.09	10224.98	10136.06	0.83	0.105	<0.001	54.15/17.64/17.26/10.95
T2	2	8796.20	8868.81	8818.01	0.91	0.002	<0.001	71.44/28.56
	3	8531.93	8631.77	8561.92	0.81	0.012	<0.001	58.00/28.04/13.96
	4	8315.17	8442.24	8353.34	0.89	0.002	<0.001	47.51/17.32/21.96/13.21
T3	2	8564.56	8637.60	8586.80	0.93	0.001	<0.001	73.56/26.44
	3	8239.00	8339.43	8269.58	0.87	0.026	<0.001	59.57/26.62/13.81
	4	8006.52	8134.35	8045.44	0.92	<0.001	<0.001	58.03/19.52/9.89/12.56

潜在状态		良好组			再次入睡困难组			重度睡眠困扰组
潜在状态	影响因素	β(SE)	OR	95%CI	β(SE)	OR	95%CI	β(SE)	OR	95%CI
T1到T2
良好组	积极情绪				−0.01(0.01)	0.99	[0.96, 1.02]	0.00(0.02)	1.00	[0.96, 1.03]
良好组	消极情绪				0.02(0.01)	1.02	[0.99, 1.04]	0.01(0.02)	1.01	[0.98, 1.05]
中度睡眠困扰组	积极情绪	0.01(0.01)	1.01	[0.98, 1.04]				0.01(0.02)	1.01	[0.97, 1.05]
中度睡眠困扰组	消极情绪	−0.02(0.01)	0.98	[0.96, 1.01]				0.00(0.02)	1.00	[0.96, 1.03]
重度睡眠困扰组	积极情绪	0.00(0.02)	1.00	[0.97, 1.04]	−0.01(0.02)	0.99	[0.96, 1.03]
重度睡眠困扰组	消极情绪	−0.01(0.02)	0.99	[0.95, 1.02]	0.00(0.02)	1.00	[0.97, 1.04]
T2到T3			良好组			中度问题组			重度问题组
良好组	积极情绪				−*0.03(0.01)**	0.97	[0.94, 0.99]	0.00(0.02)	1.00	[0.96, 1.03]
良好组	消极情绪				0.07(0.01)*	1.07	[1.04, 1.10]	0.14(0.02)*	1.15	[1.11, 1.86]
再次入睡困难组	积极情绪	*0.03(0.01)**	1.03	[1.01, 1.06]				0.03(0.02)	1.03	[0.99, 1.07]
再次入睡困难组	消极情绪	−0.07(0.01)*	0.94	[0.91, 0.96]				0.07(0.02)*	1.07	[1.04, 1.11]
重度睡眠困扰组	积极情绪	0.00(0.02)	1.00	[0.97, 1.04]	−0.03(0.02)	0.97	[0.94, 1.01]
重度睡眠困扰组	消极情绪	−0.14(0.02)*	0.87	[0.84, 0.90]	−0.07***(0.02)	0.93	[0.90, 0.96]