保护行为规范对初中生校园欺凌旁观者保护意愿的影响及自我决定动机的中介效应

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.02.014

心理与行为研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 251-257.DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2026.02.014

保护行为规范对初中生校园欺凌旁观者保护意愿的影响及自我决定动机的中介效应

杨昕玥¹, 赵永萍*^,¹^,²()

1. 西南大学心理学部，重庆 400715
2. 内蒙古自治区学生欺凌防治研究中心，内蒙古民族大学，通辽 028000

收稿日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-20
通讯作者: 赵永萍
基金资助:
教育部产学合作协同育人项目(231103692230304)；2024年度内蒙古自治区学生欺凌防治研究中心一般项目(24JKQLYB07)。

The Influence of Protective Behavioral Norms on Junior High School Students’ Bystander Protection Willingness in School Bullying: The Mediating Role of Self-Determined Motivation

Xinyue YANG¹, Yongping ZHAO*^,¹^,²()

1. Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
2. Inner Mongolia Student Bullying Prevention Research Center, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000

Received:2025-04-27 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-20
Contact: Yongping ZHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究采用“虚假调查报告”范式，通过两个实验考察不同水平和不同类型的保护行为规范对初中生校园欺凌旁观者保护意愿的影响，以及自我决定动机在这一路径中的中介作用。研究发现：(1)高描述性和高命令性保护行为规范可以显著提高初中生校园欺凌旁观者的保护意愿；(2)内摄动机在高描述性和高命令性保护行为规范影响初中生校园欺凌旁观者保护意愿的过程中均起中介作用；(3)自主动机在高命令性保护行为规范影响初中生校园欺凌旁观者的保护意愿过程中起中介作用。高水平的描述性与命令性保护行为规范能直接提高以及通过激发内摄动机间接提高初中生校园欺凌旁观者的保护意愿。

关键词: 校园欺凌, 旁观者保护意愿, 保护行为规范, 规范焦点理论, 自我决定动机

Abstract:

Using the “false survey report” paradigm, this study conducted two experiments to examine how different levels and types of protective behavioral norms influence junior high school students’ protection willingness to act as bystanders in school bullying, as well as the mediating role of self-determined motivation in this relationship. The results showed that: 1) high levels of both descriptive and injunctive protective behavior norms significantly enhanced bystanders’ protection willingness; 2) introjected motivation mediated the effect of both high descriptive and high injunctive protective behavior norms on bystanders’ protection willingness; 3) autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between high injunctive norms and bystanders’ protection willingness. In summary, high descriptive and injunctive protective norms not only directly increase the junior high school student-bystanders’ protection willingness in school bullying but also indirectly enhance it by stimulating introjected motivation.

Key words: school bullying, bystander protection willingness, protective behavior norms, normative focus theory, self-determined motivation

杨昕玥, 赵永萍. 保护行为规范对初中生校园欺凌旁观者保护意愿的影响及自我决定动机的中介效应[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2026, 24(2): 251-257.

Xinyue YANG, Yongping ZHAO. The Influence of Protective Behavioral Norms on Junior High School Students’ Bystander Protection Willingness in School Bullying: The Mediating Role of Self-Determined Motivation[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2026, 24(2): 251-257.

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变量	无规范	高描述性规范	高命令性规范	F	p
自主动机	2.79	3.00	3.09	2.82	0.07
内摄动机	2.15	2.76	2.69	5.25	0.01
保护意愿	3.84	4.33	4.29	3.91	0.02

变量	无规范	高描述性规范	高命令性规范	F	p
自主动机	2.79	3.00	3.09	2.82	0.07
内摄动机	2.15	2.76	2.69	5.25	0.01
保护意愿	3.84	4.33	4.29	3.91	0.02

中介效应路径	Est.	S.E.	LLCI	ULCI
描述性规范→自主动机→保护意愿	0.17	0.10	−0.02	0.38
描述性规范→保护意愿	0.35	0.18	0.00	0.70
命令性规范→自主动机→保护意愿	0.24	0.12	0.01	0.49
命令性规范→保护意愿	0.25	0.19	−0.13	0.62

中介效应路径	Est.	S.E.	LLCI	ULCI
描述性规范→自主动机→保护意愿	0.17	0.10	−0.02	0.38
描述性规范→保护意愿	0.35	0.18	0.00	0.70
命令性规范→自主动机→保护意愿	0.24	0.12	0.01	0.49
命令性规范→保护意愿	0.25	0.19	−0.13	0.62

中介效应路径	Est.	S.E.	LLCI	ULCI
描述性规范→内摄动机→保护意愿	0.16	0.09	0.02	0.37
描述性规范→保护意愿	0.36	0.20	−0.04	0.75
命令性规范→内摄动机→保护意愿	0.14	0.09	0.01	0.35
命令性规范→保护意愿	0.32	0.20	−0.08	0.73

保护行为规范对初中生校园欺凌旁观者保护意愿的影响及自我决定动机的中介效应

The Influence of Protective Behavioral Norms on Junior High School Students’ Bystander Protection Willingness in School Bullying: The Mediating Role of Self-Determined Motivation

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