心理与行为研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (1): 70-79.

• 发展与教育心理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

幼儿执行功能的发展对心理理论发展的影响*

郭筱琳1,任萍1,马凤玲2,徐芬2   

  1. 1 北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京 100875
    2.浙江理工大学理学院,杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-25 出版日期:2016-01-20 发布日期:2016-02-02
  • 通讯作者: 徐 芬,E-mail:fenxu@zstu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SKZZX2013029)和国家自然科学基金项目(31400892)

The Predictive Relations between Executive Functioning and Theory of Mind from 3 to 5 Years of Age

Guo Xiaolin1, Ren Ping1, Ma Fengling2, Xu Fen2   

  1. 1 Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
    2 School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018
  • Received:2015-06-25 Online:2016-01-20 Published:2016-02-02

摘要: 采用追踪研究设计,探讨儿童3至5岁成长过程中,执行功能与心理理论发展间的预测关系。以155名3岁、4岁儿童为被试,采用经典实验任务对儿童的执行功能和心理理论进行间隔1年的追踪测查,并运用分层回归分析检验了二者间的预测关系。结果发现:儿童执行功能、心理理论在3至5岁期间均有显著的发展,且在此期间执行功能、心理理论的个体差异相对稳定;儿童在3岁、4岁时执行功能与心理理论呈显著正相关,但在5岁时二者间相关不显著;儿童3岁时的执行功能能够显著预测3至4岁期间心理理论的发展,而4岁时的执行功能不能预测4至5岁期间心理理论的发展;3至5岁期间,心理理论对执行功能发展始终不具有预测作用。

关键词: 幼儿, 执行功能, 心理理论。

Abstract: This longitudinal study examined the concurrent and predictive relations between executive functioning(EF) and theory of mind(ToM). Data were obtained from 155 children who were 3 and 4 years of age at Time 1 and one year older at Time 2. The results showed that both the 3 and 4 years of age children had higher EF and ToM scores at Time 2 than at Time 1. Individual differences in EF and ToM were relatively stable. The concurrent relation between EF and ToM was significant at 3 and 4 years of age but no at 5 years of age. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the EF at age 3 significantly predicted ToM at age 4 but EF at age 4 did not predict ToM at age 5, over and above the effects of age, maternal education, verbal ability, and prior performance on ToM tasks. However, a reciprocal relation was nonsignificant with the controls included. The findings provide partial support for the view that EF is a prerequisite for ToM.

Key words: preschoolers, executive functioning, theory of mind.