中国内地幼儿教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

整合和分析中国内地幼儿教师心理健康问题的检出率及其原因，是针对性地改善幼儿教师心理健康问题的关键。2000～2022年间相关研究的元分析表明：(1)幼儿教师心理健康问题检出率由高到低分别为抑郁(11.2%)、焦虑(8.2%)、强迫问题(8.1%)、躯体化问题(6.6%)、敌对问题(6.4%)、偏执问题(5.7%)；(2)城市地区躯体化、强迫、敌对和偏执问题检出率高于农村；(3)幼儿教师心理健康问题检出率随年代逐渐上升，其中抑郁和强迫问题最为显著；(4)测量工具和检出标准是检出率差异的关键因素。因此，呼吁研究者开发精确测量工具，统一检出标准，增加对城市地区幼儿教师的关注，有效遏制幼儿教师抑郁、强迫问题的增长趋势，为针对性的预防和干预措施提供支持。

关键词: 幼儿教师, 心理健康, 心理健康问题, 检出率, 元分析

Abstract:

The integration and analysis of the prevalence and causes of mental health problems among preschool teachers in Chinese mainland from 2000 to 2022 are crucial for targeted improvements. A meta-analysis of related studies indicated that: 1) the prevalence of mental health problems among preschool teachers, in descending order, were depression (11.2%), anxiety (8.2%), obsessive-compulsive (8.1%), somatization (6.6%), hostility (6.4%), and paranoia (5.7%); 2) higher prevalence of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, hostility, and paranoid problems in urban areas were found compared to rural areas; 3) the prevalence of mental health problems increased over time, especially in depression and obsessive-compulsive problems; 4) measurement tools and detection standards were key factors in prevalence discrepancies. Therefore, we call for researchers to develop more precise measurement tools and unified detection standards, to focus on urban preschool teachers, to effectively curb the rise in depression and obsessive-compulsive problems, and to provide support for targeted prevention and intervention measures.

Key words: preschool teachers, mental health, mental health problems, prevalence, meta-analysis

赵成佳, 黄潇潇, 俞国良. 中国内地幼儿教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 145-153.

Chengjia ZHAO, Xiaoxiao HUANG, Guoliang YU. A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among Preschool Teachers in Chinese Mainland: 2000~2022[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 145-153.

图/表 8

参考文献 0

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心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I²(%)	p
抑郁	30	13638	0.112	0.077	0.160	98.41	<0.001
焦虑	28	9724	0.082	0.054	0.122	97.05	<0.001
躯体化问题	21	6681	0.066	0.039	0.108	96.36	<0.001
强迫问题	21	6904	0.081	0.051	0.127	96.45	<0.001
敌对问题	22	7103	0.064	0.040	0.101	95.93	<0.001
偏执问题	22	7103	0.057	0.033	0.097	96.52	<0.001

心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I²(%)	p
抑郁	30	13638	0.112	0.077	0.160	98.41	<0.001
焦虑	28	9724	0.082	0.054	0.122	97.05	<0.001
躯体化问题	21	6681	0.066	0.039	0.108	96.36	<0.001
强迫问题	21	6904	0.081	0.051	0.127	96.45	<0.001
敌对问题	22	7103	0.064	0.040	0.101	95.93	<0.001
偏执问题	22	7103	0.057	0.033	0.097	96.52	<0.001

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95%CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	90.74	3	<0.001	SCL-90-2	4	0.323	0.191	0.490
				SCL-90-3	16	0.048	0.031	0.073
				SDS41	2	0.373	0.300	0.452
				SDS53	3	0.537	0.330	0.732
单位来源	0.37	1	0.546	城市	10	0.132	0.064	0.253
单位来源	0.37	1	0.546	农村	3	0.052	0.002	0.582
经济区域	2.59	2	0.274	东部	9	0.156	0.091	0.225
				西部	14	0.079	0.040	0.148
				中部	2	0.118	0.014	0.554

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95%CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	90.74	3	<0.001	SCL-90-2	4	0.323	0.191	0.490
				SCL-90-3	16	0.048	0.031	0.073
				SDS41	2	0.373	0.300	0.452
				SDS53	3	0.537	0.330	0.732
单位来源	0.37	1	0.546	城市	10	0.132	0.064	0.253
单位来源	0.37	1	0.546	农村	3	0.052	0.002	0.582
经济区域	2.59	2	0.274	东部	9	0.156	0.091	0.225
				西部	14	0.079	0.040	0.148
				中部	2	0.118	0.014	0.554

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95%CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	44.32	2	<0.001	SCL-90-2	4	0.299	0.180	0.452
				SCL-90-3	16	0.047	0.030	0.073
				SAS50	2	0.307	0.199	0.441
单位来源	0.81	1	0.368	城市	8	0.082	0.047	0.140
单位来源	0.81	1	0.368	农村	3	0.028	0.003	0.243
经济区域	0.59	2	0.746	东部	9	0.101	0.052	0.189
				西部	14	0.072	0.039	0.129
				中部	2	0.101	0.011	0.544