中国内地小学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2024.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小学教师心理健康问题的检出率在既有研究中存在较大分歧，难以准确掌握其总体心理健康水平。为明确小学教师心理健康问题的整体检出率并进一步分析其影响因素，对2000～2022年检索到的相关研究进行了元分析。结果发现：(1)小学教师心理健康问题的检出率由高到低依次是强迫问题(23.5%)、抑郁(18.3%)、躯体化问题(15.9%)、焦虑(14.7%)、敌对问题(13.8%)和偏执问题(12.4%)。(2)出版年代、测量工具和检出标准是影响小学教师心理健康问题的重要因素。(3)不同检出时间、性别、经济区域的小学教师心理健康问题检出率均不存在显著差异。总体而言，我国小学教师除强迫问题及抑郁检出率偏高外，整体心理健康状况尚可。结果提示未来研究应明晰检出标准，选择适合目标群体的心理健康测评工具；此外还应健全学校心理健康服务体系，防止教师抑郁、强迫问题转化为学生师源性心理障碍。

关键词: 小学教师, 心理健康, 心理健康问题, 检出率, 元分析

Abstract:

There were significant differences in the prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers in existing studies, which made it difficult to accurately grasp their overall mental health level. To clarify the overall prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers and further analyze their influencing factors, a meta-analysis was conducted on relevant studies retrieved from 2000 to 2022. The results showed that: 1) the prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers ranked from high to low, including obsessive-compulsive problems (23.5%), depression (18.3%), somatization problems (15.9%), anxiety (14.7%), hostility problems (13.8%), and paranoid problems (12.4%); 2) the publication age, measurement tools, and detection standards were important factors that affect the mental health issues of primary school teachers; 3) there were no significant differences in the prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers at different detection times, genders, and economic regions. Overall, apart from the high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression among primary school teachers in China, the overall mental health status was still acceptable. The results suggest that future research should clarify the detection criteria and select appropriate mental health assessment tools for the target group. In addition, a sound school mental health service system should also be established to prevent teachers’ mental health problems from turning into teacher-induced psychological problems for students.

Key words: primary school teachers, mental health, mental health problems, prevalence, meta-analysis

黄潇潇, 靳娟娟, 俞国良. 中国内地小学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析：2000～2022[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2024, 22(2): 154-162.

Xiaoxiao HUANG, Juanjuan JIN, Guoliang YU. A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among Primary School Teachers in Chinese Mainland: 2000~2022[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2024, 22(2): 154-162.

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参考文献 0

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心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I² (%)	p
焦虑	54	82333	0.147	0.123	0.176	98.27	<0.001
抑郁	55	33067	0.183	0.144	0.230	98.74	<0.001
躯体化问题	45	27030	0.159	0.128	0.197	97.90	<0.001
强迫问题	43	16937	0.235	0.194	0.282	97.44	<0.001
偏执问题	44	17393	0.124	0.097	0.156	96.92	<0.001
敌对问题	44	17393	0.138	0.109	0.174	97.08	<0.001

心理健康问题	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I² (%)	p
焦虑	54	82333	0.147	0.123	0.176	98.27	<0.001
抑郁	55	33067	0.183	0.144	0.230	98.74	<0.001
躯体化问题	45	27030	0.159	0.128	0.197	97.90	<0.001
强迫问题	43	16937	0.235	0.194	0.282	97.44	<0.001
偏执问题	44	17393	0.124	0.097	0.156	96.92	<0.001
敌对问题	44	17393	0.138	0.109	0.174	97.08	<0.001

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	34.732	4	<0.001	GAD-7	2	0.075	0.028	0.181
				SAS	4	0.317	0.183	0.489
				STAI	2	0.157	0.063	0.340
				SCL-90-2	25	0.184	0.144	0.233
				SCL-90-3	14	0.060	0.041	0.088
检出时间	1.529	2	0.466	一周	48	0.140	0.114	0.171
				两周	2	0.075	0.026	0.198
				无	3	0.157	0.057	0.364
性别	0.379	1	0.538	男	5	0.058	0.024	0.137
性别	0.379	1	0.538	女	6	0.084	0.039	0.173
经济区域	0.771	3	0.856	东北	6	0.165	0.096	0.270
				东部	12	0.134	0.090	0.195
				西部	19	0.151	0.110	0.202
				中部	15	0.130	0.092	0.182

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	34.732	4	<0.001	GAD-7	2	0.075	0.028	0.181
				SAS	4	0.317	0.183	0.489
				STAI	2	0.157	0.063	0.340
				SCL-90-2	25	0.184	0.144	0.233
				SCL-90-3	14	0.060	0.041	0.088
检出时间	1.529	2	0.466	一周	48	0.140	0.114	0.171
				两周	2	0.075	0.026	0.198
				无	3	0.157	0.057	0.364
性别	0.379	1	0.538	男	5	0.058	0.024	0.137
性别	0.379	1	0.538	女	6	0.084	0.039	0.173
经济区域	0.771	3	0.856	东北	6	0.165	0.096	0.270
				东部	12	0.134	0.090	0.195
				西部	19	0.151	0.110	0.202
				中部	15	0.130	0.092	0.182

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	58.652	4	<0.001	CES-D	3	0.288	0.168	0.448
				PHQ-9	2	0.511	0.313	0.707
				SCL-90-2	24	0.209	0.171	0.254
				SCL-90-3	15	0.077	0.057	0.104
				SDS	3	0.352	0.215	0.520
检出时间	0.555	1	0.456	一周	50	0.170	0.130	0.218
检出时间	0.555	1	0.456	两周	3	0.251	0.087	0.540
性别	0.372	1	0.542	男	5	0.081	0.033	0.185
性别	0.372	1	0.542	女	6	0.116	0.053	0.233
经济区域	0.209	3	0.976	东北	6	0.171	0.078	0.335
				东部	16	0.181	0.113	0.277
				西部	20	0.198	0.131	0.288
				中部	12	0.176	0.102	0.286