心理与行为研究

›› 2008, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1): 50-57.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

小学儿童算术估算能力的发展

司继伟1 张庆林2 胡冬梅1   

  1. （1山东师范大学心理学院，济南 250014）（2西南大学心理学院，重庆 400715）
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-03-20 发布日期:2008-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 司继伟

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN′S COMPETENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL ESTIMATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

Si Jiwei1, Zhang Qinglin2, Hu Dongmei1   

  1. (1 School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014; 2 School of Psychology, South West University, Chongqing 400715)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-03-20 Published:2008-03-20
  • Contact: Si Jiwei

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摘要： 本研究深入考察了我国现阶段小学儿童算术估算能力的发展状况。通过运用自编材料对1027名儿童的团体与个别测试，发现其估算能力的发展具有如下特点：（1）明显受到题目类型的影响，但在不同年龄阶段影响又不尽相同。（2）三年级可能是整数和小数估算能力发展的一个关键期，五年级是发展分数估算能力的较好时期。（3）不同估算策略的发展进程差别相当大，不同时期都有发展的侧重点。（4）小学儿童在估算时易发生多种错误，而且不同年级均有一些典型错误。另外研究还对儿童估算能力、策略与错误类型的发展进行了深入讨论。

关键词: 小学儿童, 估算能力, 策略, 错误类型

Abstract: Using self-designed problems, the author investigated the developmental status quo of children′s computation?鄄al estimation competence during the stage of primary school. 1027 children from the 1st to 6th grade participated this research. The results were as follows: Firstly, the problem type obviously affected individual′s development of computational estimation competence, but the degree was different in different age. Secondly, the third grade was the possible critical period for computational estimation competence in form of whole number and decimal fraction and the fifth grade was a better period for computational estimation competence in form of fraction. Thirdly, there was significant difference among the development of different computational estimation strategies. The developmen?鄄tal pivot of strategy in each period was also changed. Fourthly, it was easy for primary school children to occur many types of computational estimation error and the typical error in different grades was also different. The de?鄄velopment of children′s competence, strategy and error type in computational estimation was discussed.

Key words: primary school children, computational estimation competence, strategy, error type

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