Abstract: The psychological characteristic between Chinese children and foreign children have its commonalities and differences. To follow the footsteps of Mr Zhu Zhixian and under the guidance of Professor Lin Chongde, We conducted a series of studies to explore the reasoning ability of Chinese children. Along the way, a series of researches were taken to explore the Chinese children's physical world of reasoning ability(including transitive inference, causal reasoning, analogy reasoning and inductive reasoning, etc), theory of mind, which is the important cornerstone of the development of children's social reasoning, and the affective decision making(social reasoning which point to ego), and the factors affecting the development of children's reasoning ability. Some important and interesting results were found, however, complete and accurate conclusions were still not obtained which giving an overall perspective of the development of Chinese children's reasoning ability. That is because the difficulty of the research of children's cognitive development. However, from the perspectives of the scientific research need, the social demand for children's education, the national strategic development for the future talented person's demand, children's cognitive development research are so significant. Therefore, the research on child psychology need to be strengthened, the scientific research input and human resources support must also be strengthened as well.

Key words: Chinese children, reasoning ability, theory of mind, affective decision making.

摘要： 中国儿童与外国儿童的心理特点既有其普遍性，又具有其特殊性。追随朱智贤先生的脚步，在林崇德教授的引领下，我们对中国儿童的推理能力的发展轨迹进行了一系列探索。一路走来，我们对中国儿童物理世界的推理能力（包括传递性关系推理、因果推理、类比推理、归纳推理等）、儿童社会推理发展的重要基石--心理理论、指向自我的社会性推理--情感决策、以及影响儿童推理能力发展的因素进行了一系列研究，得出了一些重要有趣的结果，然而关于中国儿童推理能力发展的全貌，我们依然得不到完整而准确的结论。儿童认知发展研究难度大，但是无论从科学研究的需求或者是社会对儿童教育的需求，又或是国家战略发展对未来人才的需求来看，儿童认知发展的研究都是意义重大的，因此关于儿童心理学的研究还需要大力加强，对该领域的科研投入和人力支持也必须大大加强！

关键词: 中国儿童, 推理能力, 心理理论, 情感决策