Abstract: In order to testify the hypothesis that fairness processing was context-dependent, the present study investigated the interaction between condition and social distance. We adopted the Ultimatum Game(UG)to probe the processes related to fairness consideration in either advantageous or disadvantageous condition with different social distance. Results indicated that condition-related differences on the fairness processing were significant, participants′ reaction time was different between unfair and fair offers in the disadvantageous condition, but this situation only happened in the familiar context group. Also, the rejection rate of unfair offers was higher in the disadvantageous than in the advantageous condition, which consisted with the findings of previous studies. Although the main effect of social distance was not significant, there in the actual context, related to strange context group, participants′ reaction time of unfair offers was slower in the familiar context group. The present findings suggested that fairness processing was context-dependent.

Key words: fairness, inequity aversion, Ultimatum Game, advantageous-disadvantageous condition, social distance.

摘要： 采用最后通牒博弈范式，考察利益水平及社会距离对个体公平加工的影响，探讨公平加工的情境依赖性。实验结果表明：（1）对分配提议的加工受到利益水平的调节，不利不公平条件下被试更加注重公平。（2）提议的不同水平影响被试的拒绝行为，提议越不公平，拒绝率越高。（3）虽然社会距离的主效应不显著，但在实际情境中，较近的社会距离下人们对公平的要求更严格，证实公平加工具有情境依赖性。

关键词: 公平, 不公平厌恶, 最后通牒博弈游戏, 利益水平, 社会距离。