Social Avoidance and Adolescents’ Suicide Ideation: A Moderated Mediation Model

doi:10.12139/j.1672-0628.2023.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

The current study aimed to examine the effect of adolescent social avoidance on suicidal ideation and the role of peer victimization and resilience in this effect. The adolescents completed self-assessment questionnaires. The results were as follows: 1) after controlling for shyness, unsociability, gender and age, social avoidance positively predicted the adolescents’ suicide ideation; 2) peer victimization partially mediated the association between adolescents’ social avoidance and suicide ideation; 3) the effect of social avoidance on suicidal ideation through peer victimization was only observed among adolescents with low resilience, rather than those with high resilience. These findings suggest that reducing peer victimization and enhancing psychological resilience may be effective ways to reduce the level of suicidal ideation in adolescents with high levels of social avoidance.

Key words: social avoidance, peer victimization, suicide ideation, resilience, adolescents

摘要：

本研究旨在探讨青少年社交回避对自杀意念的影响以及同伴侵害和心理韧性在其中的作用。青少年被试完成了自评问卷。结果发现：(1)在控制了害羞、社交淡漠、性别和年龄因素后，社交回避显著正向预测青少年自杀意念；(2)同伴侵害部分中介了社交回避对自杀意念的影响；(3)相较于高心理韧性青少年，在低心理韧性青少年中社交回避通过同伴侵害对自杀意念的影响更强。这些发现提示在降低社交回避青少年自杀意念水平时，减少同伴侵害和增强心理韧性也许是有效的途径。

关键词: 社交回避, 同伴侵害, 自杀意念, 心理韧性, 青少年

CLC Number:

B849

Junjun LIU, Xiaoyan HE, Song LI, Guangming RAN. Social Avoidance and Adolescents’ Suicide Ideation: A Moderated Mediation Model[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2023, 21(5): 675-681.

刘峻君, 何晓燕, 李松, 冉光明. 社交回避与青少年自杀意念的关系：有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2023, 21(5): 675-681.

Figures/Tables 8

References

	丁雪辰, 邓欣媚, 桑标, 李丹. 青少年早期社交回避与同伴关系问题: 有调节的中介模型. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34 (2): 137- 145.
	丁雪辰, 周同, 张润竹, 周楠. 儿童社交回避行为: 成因、测量方式及适应功能. 心理科学, 2019, 42 (3): 604- 611.
	胡月琴, 甘怡群. 青少年心理韧性量表的编制和效度验证. 心理学报, 2008, 40 (8): 902- 912.
	李松, 陈旭, 冉光明, 张琪. 新时代青少年羞怯对同伴侵害的影响: 依存型和独立型自我建构的作用. 心理科学, 2021, 44 (4): 822- 828.
	刘爱楼. 大学生自杀风险的发展轨迹: 基于潜变量混合增长模型的分析. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2021, 29 (2): 361- 365.
	刘俊升, 周颖, 李丹, 陈欣银. 儿童中期和青春期早期独处偏好与心理适应之关系: 有调节的中介效应. 心理学报, 2015, 47 (8): 1004- 1012.
	王学志, 宫火良, 康晓然, 刘雯雯, 董晓静, 马彦锋. 青少年自杀意念量表中文版在高中生应用的信效度分析. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2011, 19 (8): 964- 966.
	谢家树, 吕永晓, Bear, G G, Yang, C Y, Marshall, S J, & Gong, R. 特拉华欺负受害量表(学生卷)中文版信、效度研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2015, 23 (4): 594- 596.
	张丹, 胡雪庆, 刘勤学. 大学生压力和睡眠质量: 反刍思维和心理韧性的链式中介作用. 心理科学, 2021, 44 (1): 90- 96.
	周菡, 余思, 刘勤学, 张微. 儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的关系: 有调节的中介模型. 心理科学, 2019, 42 (2): 335- 342.
	Brown, L. H., Silvia, P. J., Myin-Germeys, I., & Kwapil, T. R.. When the need to belong goes wrong: The expression of social anhedonia and social anxiety in daily life. Psychological Science, 2007, 18 (9): 778- 782. DOI
	Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H.. Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1981, 41 (2): 330- 339. DOI
	Chen, X. T.. Culture, peer interaction, and socioemotional development. Child Development Perspectives, 2012, 6 (1): 27- 34. DOI
	Coplan, R. J., Liu, J. S., Ooi, L. L., Chen, X. Y., Li, D., & Ding, X. C.. A person-oriented analysis of social withdrawal in Chinese children. Social Development, 2016, 25 (4): 794- 811. DOI
	Coplan, R. J., Ooi, L. L., & Nocita, G.. When one is company and two is a crowd: Why some children prefer solitude. Child Development Perspectives, 2015, 9 (3): 133- 137. DOI
	Coplan, R. J., Ooi, L. L., Xiao, B. W., & Rose-Krasnor, L.. Assessment and implications of social withdrawal in early childhood: A first look at social avoidance. Social Development, 2018, 27 (1): 125- 139. DOI
	Ding, X. C., Coplan, R. J., Deng, X. M., Ooi, L. L., Li, D., & Sang, B.. Sad, scared, or rejected? A short-term longitudinal study of the predictors of social avoidance in Chinese children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2019, 47 (7): 1265- 1276. DOI
	Ding, X. C., Coplan, R. J., Sang, B., Liu, J. S., Pan, T. T., & Cheng, C.. Young Chinese children’s beliefs about the implications of subtypes of social withdrawal: A first look at social avoidance. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2015, 33 (2): 159- 173. DOI
	Fredrick, S. S., & Demaray, M. K.. Peer victimization and suicidal ideation: The role of gender and depression in a school-based sample. Journal of School Psychology, 2018, 67, 1- 15. DOI
	Hirschtritt, M. E., Ordóñez, A. E., Rico, Y. C., & LeWinn, K. Z.. Internal resilience, peer victimization, and suicidal ideation among adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 2015, 27 (4): 415- 423. DOI
	Li, S., Chen, X., Ran, G. M., Zhang, Q., & Li, R.. Shyness and internalizing problems among Chinese adolescents: The roles of independent interpersonal stress and rumination. Children and Youth Services Review, 2021, 128, 106151. DOI
	Navarro, R., Yubero, S., & Larrañaga, E.. Cyberbullying victimization and fatalism in adolescence: Resilience as a moderator. Children and Youth Services Review, 2018, 84, 215- 221. DOI
	Nelson, L. J.. Going it alone: Comparing subtypes of withdrawal on indices of adjustment and maladjustment in emerging adulthood. Social Development, 2013, 22 (3): 522- 538. DOI
	O’Connor, R. C., & Kirtley, O. J.. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2018, 373 (1754): 20170268. DOI
	Oshri, A., Topple, T. A., & Carlson, M. W.. Positive youth development and resilience: Growth patterns of social skills among youth investigated for maltreatment. Child Development, 2017, 88 (4): 1087- 1099. DOI
	Peng, W. Y., Li, D. P., Li, X., Jia, J. C., Wang, Y. H., & Xiao, J. L.. Peer victimization and adolescents’ suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: A moderated mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 2020, 112, 104888. DOI
	Sang, B., Ding, X. C., Coplan, R. J., Liu, J. S., Pan, T. T., & Feng, X. Y. (2018). Assessment and implications of social avoidance in Chinese early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(4), 554–573.
	van Geel, M., Goemans, A., Zwaanswijk, W., & Vedder, P.. Does peer victimization predict future suicidal ideation? A meta-analysis on longitudinal studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2022, 64, 101577. DOI
	van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner Jr, T. E.. The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 2010, 117 (2): 575- 600. DOI
	Wang, S., Li, A. Y., Su, J. Y., & Sun, E. R. (2022). Parent-child attachment and teacher-student relationships in Chinese children from low-income families: A moderated mediation model of shyness and resilience. Current Psychology, 1–11.
	Wu, O., Lu, X., Yeo, K. J., Xiao, Y. Y., & Yip, P.. Assessing prevalence and unique risk factors of suicidal ideation among first-year university students in China using a unique multidimensional university personality inventor. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19 (17): 10786. DOI
	Yang, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, D., Zhao, X., & Su, Y. G.. How loneliness worked on suicidal ideation among Chinese nursing home residents: Roles of depressive symptoms and resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18 (10): 5472. DOI
	Zhou, P. Y., Zhang, C., Liu, J., & Wang, Z. (2017). The relationship between resilience and internet addiction: A multiple mediation model through peer relationship and depression. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(10), 634–639.

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.社交淡漠
2.羞怯	0.26***
3.社交回避	0.66***	0.33***
4.同伴侵害	0.25***	0.17***	0.34***
5.自杀意念	0.41***	0.35***	0.44***	0.43***
6.心理韧性	−0.48***	−0.48***	−0.49***	−0.38***	−0.71***
7.年龄	0.14***	0.06**	0.12***	−0.02	0.04	− 0.08**
8.性别	0.14***	0.02	0.01	−0.02	0.15***	−0.12***	−0.11***
峰度	0.04	−0.14	1.24	9.22	2.72	−0.22	0.32
偏度	0.60	0.09	1.00	2.65	1.54	−0.12	0.09
M	2.34	2.69	1.85	1.56	1.72	3.53	12.67
SD	0.87	0.81	0.72	0.73	0.65	0.67	0.66

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.社交淡漠
2.羞怯	0.26***
3.社交回避	0.66***	0.33***
4.同伴侵害	0.25***	0.17***	0.34***
5.自杀意念	0.41***	0.35***	0.44***	0.43***
6.心理韧性	−0.48***	−0.48***	−0.49***	−0.38***	−0.71***
7.年龄	0.14***	0.06**	0.12***	−0.02	0.04	− 0.08**
8.性别	0.14***	0.02	0.01	−0.02	0.15***	−0.12***	−0.11***
峰度	0.04	−0.14	1.24	9.22	2.72	−0.22	0.32
偏度	0.60	0.09	1.00	2.65	1.54	−0.12	0.09
M	2.34	2.69	1.85	1.56	1.72	3.53	12.67
SD	0.87	0.81	0.72	0.73	0.65	0.67	0.66

预测变量	模型1(自杀意念)		模型2(同伴侵害)		模型3(自杀意念)
预测变量	B	t	B	t	B	t
年龄	−0.01	−0.47	−0.08	−2.66**	−0.01	−0.42
性别	0.15	4.94***	−0.06	−1.47	0.17	5.73***
社交淡漠	0.13	5.43**	0.04	1.54	0.12	5.20***
羞怯	0.18	9.03***	0.06	2.52*	0.16	8.65***
社交回避	0.23	7.90***	0.30	8.37***	0.15	5.31***
同伴侵害					0.27	12.66***
R²		0.28***		0.13***		0.35***
F		101.42		38.76		121.37

预测变量	模型1(自杀意念)		模型2(同伴侵害)		模型3(自杀意念)
预测变量	B	t	B	t	B	t
年龄	−0.01	−0.47	−0.08	−2.66**	−0.01	−0.42
性别	0.15	4.94***	−0.06	−1.47	0.17	5.73***
社交淡漠	0.13	5.43**	0.04	1.54	0.12	5.20***
羞怯	0.18	9.03***	0.06	2.52*	0.16	8.65***
社交回避	0.23	7.90***	0.30	8.37***	0.15	5.31***
同伴侵害					0.27	12.66***
R²		0.28***		0.13***		0.35***
F		101.42		38.76		121.37

预测变量	模型1(同伴侵害)		模型2(自杀意念)
预测变量	B	t	B	t
年龄	−0.08	−2.88**	−0.01	−0.47
性别	−0.10	−2.65*	0.10	3.96***
社交淡漠	−0.02	−0.78	0.01	0.60
羞怯	−0.03	−1.28	0.02	1.06
社交回避	0.19	5.39***	0.05	1.92
心理韧性	−0.36	−10.28***	−0.58	−24.76***
社交回避×心理韧性	−0.11	−3.32***	−0.08	−3.28**
同伴侵害			0.08	3.79***
同伴侵害×心理韧性			−0.14	−5.49***
R²		0.20***		0.57***
F		46.05		192.24