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20 March 2007, Volume 5 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ACTIVITY OF 3-TO-5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN AND PARENTING STYLE Liu Wen, Xia Mingzhu 2007, 5(1):  1-5.  Abstract ( )   PDF (496KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics 　　 The relationship between child activity and parenting style was measured in a random sample of 61 3-to-5-year-old children by using the method of lab observation and questionnaire. The results showed that: 1)The children′s temperature and parenting style were related. There were significant differences in permissive and in?鄄dulgent parenting of children with different levels of activity. 2)There was no difference in parenting style of boys with different levels of activity. But there were significant differences in permissive and indulgent parenting of girls with different levels of activity.

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THE EFFECTS OF THE DISPERSION OF CUE VALIDATES ON ″TAKE-THE-BEST″ HEURISTIC Sun Hongri1,2, Yin Guo′en1 2007, 5(1):  6-12.  Abstract ( )   PDF (641KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics The five-cues-of two-alternative-choice tasks proposed by Br?觟der in the first experiment in 2000 was used to investigate the effects of dispersion of cue validities on ″take-the-best″(TTB)heuristic. The results showed that the alternative favored by TTB heuristic was chosen at random when the dispersion of cue validities was 0.04, but more than chance when the dispersion of cue validities was 0.06 and 0.08; the effects of dispersion of cue validities on TTB heuristic were different while varied the information of conflicting cue.

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EFFECTS OF TRAINING METHODS ON CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT CREATIVITY LEVELS Ge Cao1,2, Bai Xuejun1 2007, 5(1):  13-17.  Abstract ( )   PDF (501KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics Adopted Williams Creativity Assessment Pocket–R(CAP-R), children with higher creativity level and lower creativity level were selected and assigned to one of 3 different conditions: brainstorming training, forced relation training and a control group. After 5 weeks′ creativity training，the results were as follows: To the lower creativi?鄄ty level group, brainstorming training had great effects on the dimensions of openness and elaboration. Two training methods had no significant effects on higher creativity level children. When creativity training was in?鄄volved, we should care more about individuals′ differences and the effects of methods.

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COMPARING INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SUBLIMINAL EMOTION ON THE ELDERLY′S COGNITION EFFICIENCY AND BIAS Jiang Chongqing, Yang Lizhu, Liu Ying, Meng Shuang, Li Min 2007, 5(1):  18-22.  Abstract ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics In order to explore the comparative character between emotion′s effect on the old′s cognition efficiency and bias, 25 normal old people were randomly recruited to finish two experiments. In one experiment(emotional stroop), the task was to name the color of a square following an emotional picture(with positive, negative and neutral facial expression)presented subliminally. Participants′ response time was recorded. In the other experiment(affective priming), following the same emotional pictures presented subliminally, some pictures of person′s hind?鄄brain appear, then the task was to guess the person′s expression. It turned out that the old made much more crying choice after the crying pictures′ priming compared with the neutral priming. Whereas only old men show different response time due to different affective priming condition, that is, old men′s response was facilitated by positive affective priming while baffled by negative.

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THE STUDY OF ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON THE CHANGE OF IMMUNE FUNCTION(TNF-Α、IL-6)IN COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT PERSONALITY TYPES Song Xiangqin, Zhang Zhiru, Zhang Junqing, Zhang Lei, Liu Xinmin 2007, 5(1):  23-25.  Abstract ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics This article attempts to investigate the effects of acute psychological stress on immune function in college stu?鄄dents with different personality types. 56 college students participated the test of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ). Stress group performed public speech. The concentration of serum Interleukin-6(IL-6)and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α)were analyzed by using radioimmunity. The results of the experiment were as follows: Compared with control group, the concentration of serum TNF-α of introversion group and motion stability group obviously in?鄄creased after acute psychological stress and there were no significant differences in others groups. This suggested that up-regulation of natural immunity of undergraduates with introversion and motion stability was significant but not significant for undergraduates with extraversion and motion unstability after acute psychological stress.

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POTENCY OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TASKS ON THE DECISION MAKING Wang jing 2007, 5(1):  26-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (497KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics In the current study, the author examined the relation between the potency of involvement of decision makers and the activity of decision making. The results were as follows: 1)The potency of involvement difference was significant, which high involvement was much more objective and fairer. 2)In the group tasks, the difference of assessment to self and others was not significant. 3)The tasks of individual and group were influencing factors for the potency of involvement. The decision making of group tasks was more objective than that of individual tasks.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICS SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Zhang Yongmei 2007, 5(1):  31-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (476KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics Based on the literature about mathematics self-efficacy, the learning content and context of mathematics edu?鄄cation in junior high school in China, the mathematics self-efficacy scale(MSE-S)was developed in this study. Starting from an investigation of 188 students and 53 mathematics instructors with open-ended questions, 44 items were selected for the primary scale. Those items were further tested with 479 students in a format of Lik?鄄ert scale, then 26 items in 3 subscales representing three domains of math-related behavior: math problems solv?鄄ing, completion of math tasks in daily life, and satisfactory performance in courses that require knowledge of mathematics were determined through confirmatory factor analysis and item analysis. The final scale was tested with 350 students, and the result indicated the MSE-S had good reliability and validity, and could be used as a reliable tool in measuring junior high school students for their mathematics self-efficacy.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL PARENTING STYLE OF CHILDHOOD AND 11-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN′S SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT Liang Zongbao, Zhang Guangzhen, Chen Huichang, Zhou Bofang 2007, 5(1):  36-40.  Abstract ( )   PDF (526KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics This longitudinal study investigated maternal parenting style, children′s academic achievement and school ad?鄄justment from parent-reported questionnaires and teacher′s evaluation, aiming at examining the stability and vari?鄄ability of maternal parenting style from early childhood to middle childhood and the relationship between maternal parenting style in childhood and 11-year-old children′s academic achievement and school adjustment. The results indicated that gender effect of maternal parenting style was not significant at 2 years old, however, there were significant gender effects on the dimension of concern at 7 years old, and mothers′ concern for girls was signifi?鄄cantly higher than for boys. Maternal parenting style changed significantly on the dimension of concern and con?鄄trol from 2 to 7 years old, and mother′s control when children were 2 years old is significantly higher than when children were 7 years old, however, mothers′ concern for 7 years old was significantly higher than that for 2 years old. There was no significant change on other dimensions. Gender could predict 11-year-old children′s school adjustment problem. Mother′s control and encouragement of 2 years old could predict 11-year-old chil?鄄dren′s academic achievement, learning problem, shy-anxious, frustration tolerance, assertive social skills, and peer interaction significantly after controlling gender′s main effect. Mother′s concern and control of 7 years old could predict 11-year-old children′s academic achievement, learning problem, shy-anxious, frustration tolerance, as?鄄sertive social skills, and peer interaction significantly after controlling gender′s main effect.

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ADOLESCENT AGGRESSIVENESS QUESTIONNAIRE Pan Qimin, Zhang Wei 2007, 5(1):  41-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics The purpose of the research is to develop the Adolescent Aggressiveness Questionnaire(AAQ)fit for Chinese adolescents based on adolescent aggressiveness theory, adolescent aggressiveness expression, research results of foreign countries, and expert assessing. The dimensions and structure of the AAQ were examined through ex?鄄ploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). At the same time, the characteristic of adolescent aggressiveness and the relation between adolescent aggressiveness and family background variables, popularity in class were examined. The results showed: 1)AAQ was made up with aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition and aggressive emotions. Aggressive behavior had three factors: verbal aggression, physical aggression and self-aggression. 2)The internal consistency reliabilities(Cronbach′s alphas)and the relation between factors and scales, questionnaire, and the relations between scales and questionnaire were summarized. The content valid?鄄ity, structure validity, and concrete validity of the AAQ were examined. The findings showed reliabilities and va?鄄lidities were adequate to excellent.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF COPING EFFICACY, WORK STRESS AND TEACHER JOB-BURNOUT Han Lei, Jiang Nengzhi, Wang Peng, Gao Fengqiang 2007, 5(1):  47-52.  Abstract ( )   PDF (640KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics In the current study, which investigated 763 teachers from 29 senior middle schools, mainly researched the predictive effect of teacher coping efficacy and work stress on the teacher job-burnout. The findings were as follows: 1)Coping efficacy had a significant predictive effect on teacher job-burnout. Self-confidence degree and competence could predict emotion exhaustion, depersonalization, and cognition exhaustion; competence and cognition degree could predict personal accomplishment; 2)Four factors in work stress had a significant predictive effect on teacher job-burnout, including leadership and management, working load, examination, and interpersonal relation; 3)work stress and coping efficacy altogether could predict teacher job-burnout better.

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EYE MOVEMENT STUDY ON THE OPTIMAL PRESENTATION OF DYNAMIC CHINESE TEXT Zang Chuanli, Bai Xuejun, Yan Guoli, Wang Zhengguang 2007, 5(1):  53-59.  Abstract ( )   PDF (691KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics EyelinkⅡ eye tracker was used to explore the characteristics and rules of reading dynamic Chinese text. The results showed when the display speed was more than 360 character/minute，compared with the RSVP con?鄄dition, participants in the scrolling/leading format had shorter average fixation duration, shorter saccade length, more fixation count, greater reading efficiency, and more preference. While the display speed was less than 240 character/minute，there were no difference on the average fixation duration and the fixation count for the two dis?鄄play format. The window size effect was not significant in scrolling/leading format, but in RSVP condition, a large window(10 or 15 characters)may facilitate reading.

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THE PERCEPTUAL SPAN AND EYE MOVEMENTS IN CHINESE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL READERS Xiong Jianping1,2, Yan Guoli1, Bai Xuejun1 2007, 5(1):  60-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (569KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics Eye-movement-contingent display changes were used to study the perceptual span and ocoulomotor activity in Chinese senior high school readers. The results revealed an asymmetric perceptual span that extended 1 or 2 characters to the left of the fixated character and 3 or 4 characters to its right. The size of right-directed sac?鄄cades extended about 3 characters in normal reading, suggesting that the perceptual spans of successive fixations overlapped slightly and some linguistic information was integrated across fixations.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING You Jin, Guo Yongyu 2007, 5(1):  65-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics The current research aimed to explore the relationships among college students′ personality, social support and subjective well-being using questionnaire survey. The results showed: 1)there was no gender difference on college students′ subjective well-being; 2)college students of different personality types had significantly different subjective well-being: the sanguine ones had the highest subjective well-being, while the melancholy people had the lowest subjective well-being; 3)although personality types varied, all the college students′ subjective well-be?鄄ing increased with social support equally; 4)neuroticism, extraversion, out-family social support were stronger pre?鄄dictors for subjective well-being but the relationship between extraversion and subjective well-being was mediated by out-family social support.

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RESEARCH ON COLLEGE STUDENT′S NOTE-TAKING STRATEGY Fan Sufang, Fan Qi, Chen Jie 2007, 5(1):  70-74.  Abstract ( )   PDF (558KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics 　　A Qyestionnaire was used to investigate the present situation and character of college student′s note-taking. The results showed that: 1)Most of the college students realized the importance of the note, and there was no difference in cognition. But the difference was found among courses, genders and specialties; 2)The motivation of college student′s note-taking was mainly for examination and the utilization rate of note-taking was low; 3)There was no difference in specialty on note-taking method, and most students used the traditional type; 4)The female students got high note-taking score than the male ones; 5)There was highly significant positive correlation be?鄄tween note-taking score and achievement.

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BRAIN IMAGING STUDY ON SENTENCE PROCESSING Du Hongfei, Jin Hua, Mo Lei 2007, 5(1):  75-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (562KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics In recent years, much fMRI research on sentence processing has been done, which primarily aimed to explore the neural bases of semantic process and syntactic process in sentence level and the relation. In this article, at first, the author analyzed and compared the research paradigms so as to sum up the common thinking and paradigms. Secondly, we discussed the neural mechanism of semantic and syntactic processes and proposed the commonness and specialty of semantic and syntactic property in cognitive and neural mechanism. Finally, regarding the diversity of languages and the factors effecting sentence processes, further research was suggested on this issue.