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The Influence of Media Multitasking Experience on Implicit Memory in Different Attention Patterns LI Shiyi, XIE Yanfeng, ZHAO Guang, BAI Xuejun 2022, 20(4):  433-440.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (658KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, the classic contextual cueing paradigm was used to investigate the implicit memory of different media multitaskers in the distributed attention mode (limited eye movement) and focused attention mode(free viewing). In experiment 1, participants could freely move their eyes and search the target in the learning phase. On the contrary, participants were required to fixate the screen center and use peripheral vision for search in the testing phase. Experiment 2 reversed the conditions of attention in the learning and testing stages. The current results revealed that heavy media multitaskers showed contextual cueing effect in both attention modes while light media multitaskers only showed such effect in the focused attention mode. The results showed that heavy media multitaskers had better performance on the contextual cueing effect task under the distributed attention mode, indicating that heavy media multitaskers have some specific cognitive advantages.

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Decoding Effect of Objects of Typical Spatial Position Relations in Real-World Scenes CHEN Xianglin, ZHANG Junheng, YAN Bihua 2022, 20(4):  441-449.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1978KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study investigated the attributes of group coding and decoding of spatial position relations by testing the VWM (visual working memory) of a single object in a typical spatial relationship object pair in real-world scene. The findings of four experiments were as follows. First, when the object was presented in a way consistent with the spatial position relationship of the real scene, the VWM accuracy of a single object was higher. Second, under the condition of conforming to spatial position relationship, the extraction reaction time of a single object was longer, and the response time of the upper object was shorter. Moreover, the memory accuracy of the upper object was higher. Third, the active objects in the object pairs with both spatial and action relations had higher accuracy. In conclusion, there are decoding phenomena and retrieval order effects when extracting a single object in the object space grouping of real scenes, and the upper object and the active object have advantages on the VWM.

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Differences in Contextual Information Utilization Between Fast and Slow Readers: The Role of Processing Depth TONG Wen, YU Xue, LIU Zhifang, ZHU Xingyu, QI Qi 2022, 20(4):  450-456.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study examined the source of predictability effect differences between fast and slow readers and the role of processing depth in two tasks (i.e., topic scanning and reading comprehension) with different processing depths. Participants read 96 sentence frames embedded with high and low predictive target words in two task situations while their eye movements were recorded by an eye tracker. The results showed that the predictability effect only appeared in reading comprehension task, with fast readers showing predictive effect in the early stage while slow readers showing predictive effect in the later stage. The results suggest that processing depth moderates the predictability effect of fast and slow readers. In addition, during natural reading, the predictability effect of fast and slow readers conforms to the predictive coding framework hypothesis.

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The Effect of Semantic Relevance on the Repetition Blindness: Evidence from Chinese Idioms JIN Li, WU Fengjuan, LENG Ying 2022, 20(4):  457-463.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (614KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Repetition blindness is the processing defect of the second repeated stimulus in the RSVP task. Using Chinese antonyms and idioms as materials, this study investigated the effect of semantic relevance of stimuli on repetition blindness by using whole reporting task. In experiment 1, Chinese words were used as materials, and a single-factor, three-level within-subject design (semantic relationship between target stimuli: irrelevant/identical/opposite) was used. The results showed that repeated words produced repetition blindness, while antonyms produced semantic priming. In experiment 2, a 2(semantic relationship: identical/irrelevant) × 2(position: anterior/posterior) within-subject design was used. The results showed that the semantic relevance of the stimuli eliminated the repetition blindness. The conclusions are as follows: 1) There is no repetition blindness effect on Chinese antonyms. 2) Semantic relevance has an effect on repetition blindness by eliminating the effect of repeated words in idioms. 3) The results support the competition hypothesis.

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The Influence of Loneliness on the Interpersonal Goal-Pursuit: The Role of Likelihood of Goal Attainment BAI Jinhua, ZHAO Yufang, JIAN Yue, DENG Qichang 2022, 20(4):  464-471.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (753KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This research examined the influence of loneliness on interpersonal goal-pursuit and the role of the likelihood of goal attainment through two studies and a mini meta-analysis. In study 1, questionnaires were used to measure the likelihood of interpersonal goal attainment, and loneliness and interpersonal goal investment in daily life. Results showed that loneliness was negatively correlated with investment of interpersonal goals, and the likelihood of goal attainment moderated the relationship between loneliness and investment of interpersonal goals. In study 2, interpersonal connections were manipulated to investigate the influence of loneliness. It showed that lonely individuals had the lowest willingness of interpersonal goal investment, the most interpersonal strategies, and the least strategic words among the three groups. Moreover, the likelihood of goal attainment moderated the relationship between loneliness and willingness of investment of interpersonal goals. The results indicate that loneliness reduces investment of interpersonal goals, and the likelihood of goal attainment moderates the relationship between loneliness and investment of interpersonal goals. Rather than lacking interpersonal interaction strategies, lonely people are unwilling to invest in interpersonal goals.

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Cross-Lagged Analysis of Perceived Family Support, Friend Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Children Left-Behind in Rural Areas YU Yibing, YU Jiawei, LI Yanru, DU Yizhan 2022, 20(4):  472-478.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (661KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To examine the reciprocal relationship among perceived family support, friend support and depressive symptoms, a total sample of 159 left-behind children (LBC) was recruited from Henan Province to complete the survey at two time points with four months intervals. The results were as follows: 1) after controlling for grade and gender, the depressive symptoms of LBC at baseline (T1) significantly predicted perceived support from family and friends at follow-up (T2); 2) perceived friend support at T1 significantly predicted perceived family support at T2. The study reveals the erosion effect of depression on the perceived family and friend support, and the spillover effect from friend support to family support in LBC, which has some theoretical and practical implications for psychological care and preventive intervention for LBC in rural areas.

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Parental Psychological Aggression and School-Aged Children’s Problem Behavior: Mediating Roles of Children’s Anger and Sadness Management XING Xiaopei, JIAO Menghan, XIAO Yuyuan, HU Xia 2022, 20(4):  479-486.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (699KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study aimed to explore the potential differences in the emotional mechanism between parental psychological aggression and children’s problem behavior. A total of 660 children in grades 3~5 of primary school and their parents participated in the questionnaire survey. The results showed that: 1) Paternal psychological aggression was positively correlated with children’s externalizing problem behavior. Maternal psychological aggression was positively correlated with children’s internalizing problem behavior. 2) Anger dysregulation mediated the relationship between maternal and paternal psychological aggression and children’s externalizing problem behavior; sadness dysregulation mediated the relationship between maternal psychological aggression and children’s internalizing problem behavior; anger coping mediated the relationships between maternal psychological aggression and children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. The results indicate that the emotional mechanism of parents’ psychological aggression on children’s problem behavior varies according to children’s emotion types and emotion management strategies.

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The Effect of the Parental Neglect on Short-Form Video Overuse: The Mediating Roles of Mindfulness and Self-Control WANG Gang, LIU Saifeng, LI Qichen, WEN Dai, WU Yunyi, JIANG Boxi, LI Fang 2022, 20(4):  487-493.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (746KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study examined the relationship between parental neglect and short-form video overuse in adolescents and the mediating roles of mindfulness and self-control. We recruited 1015 participants in this study. Participants completed the questionnaires on parental neglect, self-control, mindfulness and short-form video overuse. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant positive correlation between parental neglect and short-form video overuse. 2) Self-control played a mediating role between parental neglect and short-form video overuse, and mindfulness and self-control played a chain mediating role between the two.

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Mindfulness and Learning Burnout in High School Students: A Perspective Based on Self-Regulated Learning Model JIN Ming, ZENG Lianping, ZENG Xiaoye, HUANG Yafu 2022, 20(4):  494-500.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (614KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study was based on the perspective of the self-regulated learning model to explore how mindfulness affects the learning burnout of high school students. In this study, 863 high school students were surveyed by using the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, Meaning in Life Scale, Zimbardo Time Insight Questionnaire, and Youth Learning Burnout Scale. The results showed that, firstly, mindfulness had a negative predictive effect on high school students’ learning burnout; secondly, mindfulness indirectly affected learning burnout through its independent mediation of future time insight and meaning in life, as well as the chain mediation of future time insight and meaning in life. Therefore, mindfulness can negatively predict the learning burnout of high school students, and improve their insight of future time and meaning in life, which can alleviate the learning burnout of high school students while promoting the physical and mental health of high school students.

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The Influence of Family Environment and Teacher Support on Middle School Students’ Academic Procrastination: The Chain Mediating Effect of Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs and Psychological Capital ZENG Lingjuan, JIANG Lijing, PENG Ye 2022, 20(4):  501-507.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (694KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the influence mechanism of family environment and teacher support on middle school students’ academic procrastination, 740 middle school students were tested by using the Family Environment Questionnaire, Students’ Perceived Teacher Support Behavior Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Academic Procrastination Questionnaire. The results showed that: 1) family environment, teacher support and psychological capital significantly influenced academic procrastination separately; 2) family environment and teacher support equally influenced academic procrastination, but less than the influence of psychological capital on academic procrastination; 3) both family environment and teacher support influenced academic procrastination through the partial chain mediation between basic psychological needs and psychological capital.

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The Influence of Proactive Personality on Learning Engagement: The Chain Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support and Positive Emotions BAO Xuhui, HUANG Jie, LI Na, LI Jianjun, LI Yahong 2022, 20(4):  508-514.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (645KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study adopted the Proactive Personality Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and Learning Engagement Scale to examine the effects of proactive personality, perceived social support, and positive emotion on learning engagement. Five hundred and forty-four college students participated in the study. The results of structural equation modeling showed that proactive personality, perceived social support and positive emotion positively predicted students’ learning engagement. Perceived social support and positive emotion played a chain mediation role between proactive personality and learning engagement.

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Intergenerational Transmission of Core Self-Evaluations: Chain Mediation of Parental Support and Offspring’s Basic Psychological Need HUANG Jie, ZHU Dan, ZHOU Limin, LIU Wang 2022, 20(4):  515-521.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (671KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, we proposed a chain mediation model linking parents’ core self-evaluations (CES) and adolescents’ CES through parental support and adolescents’ basic psychological need. A total of 407 Chinese families were recruited in Hunan Province on a voluntary basis. The results revealed that parents’ CES positively predicted parental support, which in turn positively predicted adolescents’ basic psychological need, which in turn positively predicted adolescents’ CES. However, parents’ CES did not significantly predict adolescent’s basic psychological need and CES, and parental support did not significantly predict adolescents’ CES. These results supported the chain mediation model for the intergenerational transmission of CES. In addition, there was no significant gender difference in the intergenerational transmission of CES. This study provides some insights into the mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of CES in Chinese families and has implications for family education.

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The Effect of Classroom Bullying Norms on Bystanders’ Behavior of Junior High School Students: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement WANG Yuepeng, MENG Weijie 2022, 20(4):  522-528.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (555KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study sought to examine whether classroom bullying norms are significantly related to bystanders’ behaviors of junior high school students and whether this relationship is mediated by moral disengagement. A total of 4316 junior high school students participated in the questionnaire survey and 142 junior high school students were invited to participate in the scenario-based experiment. Results showed that perceived classroom bullying norms significantly and positively predicted bystanders’ assistants and outsider behaviors. Moral disengagement significantly mediated the relationship between classroom bullying norms and bystanders’ behaviors.

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The Relationship Between Trait Anxiety and Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior: The Influencing Mechanism Based on the Dual-Systems Model LI Xiaoming, LIU Xiaodan, DAI Ting 2022, 20(4):  529-535.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (646KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In order to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and adolescents’ risky behavior and to explore its possible influencing mechanism based on the dual-systems model, the present study conducted a questionnaire survey on 1720 (a final sample of 1549 was available) adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. These questionnaires included the Trait Anxiety Scale, Trait Self-Control Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale, and Adolescent Multi-Domain Risk Behavior Scale. The results showed that: 1) trait anxiety positively predicted adolescents’ risky behavior, and trait self-control played a mediating role in the relationship between trait anxiety and risky behavior; 2) sensation seeking moderated the latter half of the mediating process, that is, the higher the level of sensation seeking, the greater the predictive effect of trait self-control on risk-taking behavior.

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The Influence of Analytic Thinking on Impulse Buying Intention ZENG Tuo, MA Weijun, SUN Mingxiu, MO Lei 2022, 20(4):  536-541.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (531KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current research aimed to explore the influence of analytic thinking on impulse buying intention through three different studies. Study 1 involved 146 college student participants to examine the relationship between analytic thinking and impulse buying intention by using the analytic thinking task and Impulse Buying Tendencies Questionnaire. Study 2 and 3 involved 65 and 62 college student participants separately to explore the impact of priming analytic thinking on impulse buying intention through two paradigms of visual priming and modified verbal fluency task priming respectively. The results showed that analytic thinking was significantly negatively correlated with impulsive buying intention, and both visual priming and modified verbal fluency task priming analytic thinking could reduce impulsive buying intention.

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The Relationship Between Supervisor-Subordinate Spirituality Congruence and Subordinates’ Proactive Behavior in Workplace WANG Minghui, XIN Zhaoyang, KANG Mengmeng, ZHAO Junzhe, ZHAO Guoxiang 2022, 20(4):  542-548.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The study aimed to explore the relationship between supervisor-subordinate spirituality congruence and subordinates’ proactive behavior in the workplace. Using questionnaires to collect data, in-service employees and their direct supervisors were selected as the participants. The results showed that the congruence of workplace spirituality between supervisor and subordinate had a certain influence on the proactive behavior of the subordinate. Specifically, in the case of congruence, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the degree of consistency and the subordinate’s proactive behavior. In the case of incongruence, when the subordinate’s workplace spirituality was higher than the supervisor’s, the subordinate showed more proactive behavior at work. This study is conducive to a deeper understanding of the matching effect and the antecedents of proactive behavior.

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The Relationship Between Gratitude and Prosocial Behavior of Hearing-Impaired Students: A Moderated Mediation Model TIAN Huidong, ZHANG Yuhong, WANG Kui, SUN Haoxiang, LIU Hongyu 2022, 20(4):  549-555.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (663KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This study aimed to explore the relationship between gratitude and the prosocial behaviors of hearing-impaired students, and to examine the mediating effect of life satisfaction and the moderating effect of gender. A total of 392 hearing-impaired students completed a set of questionnaires including Adolescent Gratitude Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results showed that: 1) gratitude positively predicted prosocial behavior of hearing-impaired students; 2) life satisfaction partially mediated the effect of gratitude on prosocial behavior of hearing-impaired students; 3) the mediating role of life satisfaction was moderated by gender, life satisfaction only mediated the effect of gratitude on prosocial behavior of boys.

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The Effect of Materialism and Future Orientation on the Relationship Between Social Exclusion and Prosocial Behavior CHANG Baorui, LIN Peitian, HUANG Jiangxi, FANG Jiandong 2022, 20(4):  556-562.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (666KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this research, two studies were conducted to explore the mechanism and boundary conditions of the effect of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. In study 1, social exclusion was manipulated by using the cyberball paradigm to examine its impact on materialism and pro-social behavior. In study 2, social exclusion was manipulated by using the recall paradigm to examine how future orientation moderates its impact on prosocial behavior. The results of the two studies showed that social exclusion negatively predicted prosocial behavior, materialism played a partial mediating role between social exclusion and prosocial behavior, and future orientation moderated the effect of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. These results revealed that social exclusion increases the level of materialism and thus decreases prosocial behavior, whereas future orientation reduces the negative effects of social exclusion on prosocial behavior.

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The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and College Students’ Malicious Creativity: A Moderated Mediation Model LI Jiaojiao, LIU Xiaobing, PEI Dandan, XU Bibo, YIN Xiyang 2022, 20(4):  563-569.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (728KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics A questionnaire survey was conducted among 676 college students in Guangdong Province to explore the influence of emotional intelligence and malicious creativity, with emphasis on the mediating role of aggressive behavior and the moderating role of forgiveness. The results showed that: 1) emotional intelligence was negatively correlated with malicious creativity; 2) aggressive behavior mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and malicious creativity; 3) forgiveness significantly moderated the relationship between aggressive behavior and malicious creativity. Specifically, compared with college students with high forgiveness level, aggressive behavior had a greater impact on the malicious creativity of college students with low forgiveness level.

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The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship Between Body-Esteem and Eating Disorder Tendency LI Yongzhan 2022, 20(4):  570-576.  DOI: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.04.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics To explore the relationship between emotional intelligence, body-esteem and eating disorder tendency among adolescents, especially to examine the moderating effect of emotional intelligence, a cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1043 middle school students. The results showed that: 1) BMI, gender, grade and age were all predictors of adolescent eating disorder tendency; 2) body-esteem negatively predicted eating disorder tendency among adolescents; moreover, 3) adolescents’ emotional intelligence moderated the relationship between body-esteem and eating disorder tendency. Specifically, adolescents’ body-esteem negatively predicted their eating disorder tendency, regardless of their emotional intelligence. However, compared with those with high emotional intelligence, the body-esteem of participants with low emotional intelligence was more predictive of their eating disorder tendency.