过刊目录

2011年, 第9卷, 第1期
刊出日期：2011-03-20 上一期    下一期

---

论文


全全选选:

导出引用 EndNote Ris BibTeX

隐藏/显示图片

论文

Select

Preface to the Special Issue Keith Rayner 2011, 9(1):  1-1.  摘要 ( )   PDF(41KB) ( )   相关文章 | 计量指标 This special issue of the journal consists of articles based on talks by some of the invited speakers at the Fourth Chinese International Conference on Eye Movements held in Tianjin in May 2010. Prior meetings of CICEM were held in Tianjin in 2004 and 2006 and in Zhuhai in 2008. Each succeeding conference has drawn a larger group of participants from China and other places in the world, and CICEM4 was a very successful meeting. At each of the prior meetings, a select group of foreign speakers were invited to present their latest research at CICEM and this was also true of CICEM4. More importantly, the number of Chinese presenters has increased with each successive meeting. The goal is to hold CICEM every other year and in alternate years to the European Conference on Eye Movements(ECEM).

Select

Cognitive and Cultural Influences on Eye Movements during Reading and Scene Perception Keith Rayner 2011, 9(1):  2-7.  摘要 ( )   PDF(202KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 Research on eye movements during reading and scene perception is briefly reviewed. It is quite clear that cognitive variables influence how long readers look at words and where they look next. There are also clearly some differences in eye movements between Chinese and Western readers. However, for the most part it appears that there are more similarities than differences and that what differences do occur are due more to differences in the nature of the written orthography than due to cultural differences. There are also clearly cognitive influences on eye movements during scene viewing. Research from my lab is reviewed which challenges the view that culture influences eye movements during scene viewing. While we do not deny that there are cultural influences on cognition and thinking, it seems to be the case that cultural differences do not influence properties of the oculomotor system resulting in differences in where subjects look early in scenes.

Select

Eye Movements and Memory for Objects and Their Locations Simon P. Liversedge,Katie L. Meadmore,David Corck-Adelman,Shui-I Shih,Alexander Pollatsek 2011, 9(1):  8-15.  摘要 ( )   PDF(215KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by “boxing”some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002).

Select

Eye Movements as an Index of Linguistic Processing in Language Production Elizabeth R. Schotter 2011, 9(1):  16-23.  摘要 ( )   PDF(238KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 Researchers have recently turned to eye tracking to study the complex cognitive processes underlying speech production. The present paper provides a brief overview of studies of sentence production and eye movements. A review then follows of research using eye tracking to investigate eye movements during multiple object naming and differences between findings in reading research. The majority of these studies attempt to determine the extent to which object naming can happen in serial or parallel. Lastly, I provide a brief comparison between seriality and parallelism in reading and multiple object naming.

Select

Effects of Reading Goal and Reading Task on Eye Fixation Patterns Jukka Hyönä,Johanna K. Kaakinen 2011, 9(1):  24-34.  摘要 ( )   PDF(593KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 We review two studies examining task effects on eye guidance during reading. The first study investigated effects of reading perspective on eye behavior in reading. It demonstrated that both the initial encoding of words as well as the later integration stage of wrapping up the sentence meaning are influenced by the reading perspective. Early effects of reading perspective were observed both in saccadic programming and in fixation times and were primarily seen when reading a text of familiar content. In the second study, effects of reading task were examined by comparing eye movements between proofreading and reading for comprehension. Task effects appeared very early in the processing time line; both temporal and spatial aspects of eye movements were affected. Taking together, the two studies demonstrate that readers make a global adjustment to eye behavior on the basis of reading task or goal.

Select

Eye Movement Control in Reading Thai and Chinese Ronan G. Reilly,Inthraporn Aranyanak,Lili Yu,Guoli Yan,Siliang Tang 2011, 9(1):  35-44.  摘要 ( )   PDF(689KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 This paper analyses some aspects of the eye movement behaviour of readers of Thai and Chinese. The main focus is on readers′landing site distributions on words and how these are affected by the lack of clear word boundary information due to the absence of inter-word spaces. Empirical evidence from Thai and Chinese readers suggest that readers can relatively accurately target word centres. We make the case that this accuracy can be accounted for by a default targetting model(effectively, the prior landing site distribution, in Bayesian terms)modulated by statistical cues about word beginnings available from word-initial character frequencies.

Select

The Emergence of Adaptive Eye-Movement Control in Reading: Theory and Data Erik D. Reichle,Yanping Liu,Patryk A. Laurent 2011, 9(1):  45-52.  摘要 ( )   PDF(632KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 Computational models of eye-movement control during reading provide precise quantitative descriptions of the perceptual, cognitive, and motoric processing that guide readers′ eyes, but are based on numerous equivocal a priori theoretical assumptions. This article describes an alternative approach to understanding eye-movement control: Using reinforcement learning to examine how complex eye-movement behaviors emerge from the requirement to identify words rapidly in the context of known psychological and physiological constraints(e.g., limited visual acuity). An example simulation is reported, as are key results from an fMRI experiment that demonstrates that structures implicated in reinforcement learning support the learning of eye-movement behavior in humans.

Select

Probabilistic Linguistic Expectations, Uncertain Input, and Implications for Eye Movements in Reading Roger Levy 2011, 9(1):  53-64.  摘要 ( )   PDF(624KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 One nearly ubiquitous assumption in models of linguistic comprehension and of eye movement control in reading alike is of partial modularization between word-level and sentence-level processing: that the outcome of word recognition, and thus the input to sentence-level comprehension, is a categorial representation. Yet such a partial modularization throws away residual uncertainty regarding word identity that might potentially be of value to the comprehender further downstream in the sentence. Here I describe a line of research combining computational modeling with experimental eye-tracking work to explore the consequences of removing this partial modularity assumption.

Select

Visual Processing and Eye Movement Control under the Influence of Alcohol Ralph Radach,Christian Vorstius,Alan R. Lang 2011, 9(1):  65-80.  摘要 ( )   PDF(610KB) ( )   参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标 Although moderate alcohol consumption is known to degrade performance in a variety of tasks, the exact nature and extent of such impairments is not well understood. We examined alcohol effects on different levels of visual processing and oculomotor control. On the lowest level(automatic), reflexive responses were tested using the prosaccade task. The‘automated’level, incorporating routine behavior based on implicit learning, was studied using the double step paradigm, while the highest level, representing voluntary control, was examined with antisaccade and memory guided tasks. In addition, sentence reading was included as a prototypical complex task with high ecological validity.