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20 March 2005, Volume 3 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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INFLUENCE OF TYPES OF PROBLEMS ON ADDITION COGNITIVE STRATEGY CHOICE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY Chen Yinghe,Zhao Yanqin,Wang Mingyi,Zhang Kejuan 2005, 3(1):  1-4.  Abstract ( )   PDF (403KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Thirty MD(mathematically disabled)and thirty MN(mathematically normal)2-3 grade primary-school children participated in our research. Experimental, observational and verbal report procedures are used to explore the influence of types of problems on MD and MN children′s addition cognitive strategy choice, including simple, complex and continuous additive problems. The result indicated that strategy choice of 2-3 primary children is adaptive to different types of problems, especially to the MN children.

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THE MECHANISM OF SUPERORDINATE GOAL INFERENCES IN TEXT READING Lu Zhongyi,Chen Weina 2005, 3(1):  5-10.  Abstract ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The minimalist hypothesis and the constructionist theory are well-known in the domain of inferences. During the comprehension of narrative text, the constructionist theory suggests that the superordinate goal inference is generated on-line and the minimalist hypothesis thinks it is not generated. In order to examine the superordinate goal inference in reading, the author used lexical decision task, naming and two time intervals between the last line of text and the target word(250ms and 500ms). The materials include local and global coherent texts. The results show that the superordinate goal inference is constructed on-line in reading, which support the constructionist theory.

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DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-ESTEEM OF 3 TO 8 YEARS CHILDREN Zhang Lihua,Yang Lizhu 2005, 3(1):  11-14.  Abstract ( )   PDF (402KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current study adopted self-compiled Teacher′s Rating Scale of children′s self-esteem to explore differential characteristics of age and gender of SE′s development in children aging from 3 to 8. The results are as follows:(1)A significant age difference existed in global self-esteem development. 4 and 7 years old may be turning age;(2)The gender difference was signficant, which indicated that the developmental level of girl′s self-esteem is much higher than that of boy′s.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG COPING STYLE, ANXIETY LEVEL AND TASK-PERFORMING EFFICIENCY Shi Lin,Feng Danjun,Zhang Wenjing,Zang Zhijing 2005, 3(1):  15-20.  Abstract ( )   PDF (539KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the current study, we intend to find the effects of coping style and stress situation on anxiety level and task-performing efficiency. The results indicate that the main effects and mutual effect of coping style and stress situation on anxiety level and task-performing efficiency is very notable. The subjects of control coping style exhibit lower anxiety level and higher task-performing efficiency than others in general in the experiment. The subjects of flexible coping style and control coping style exhibit lower anxiety level and higher task-performing efficiency than those of un-control coping style and abnormal coping style in the low level difficulty situation. In addition, the subjects of different coping styles have significant differences in anxiety level and the winning ratio of the experiment game.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN MALE JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE SAME-AGED MALE MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS Chen Xiangyang,Hu Yan 2005, 3(1):  21-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (467KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Twenty-three aspects of personality of 178 male juvenile criminals and 219 male middle school students assessed via the California Psychological Inventory Revised in China(CPI-RC). The results showed that:(1)There was a significant difference in personality characteristics between juvenile criminals and middle-school students. The juvenile criminal group scored lower in social expertise, interpersonal style, maturity, normative orientation and values, achievement orientation and personal interest styles;(2)The personality type of the majority of juvenile criminals is norm doubting.

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EXPLORING THE ISSUE OF ADOLESCENT BOREDOM SYNDROME Yang Bo,Liu Xuanwen,He Weiqiang 2005, 3(1):  25-29.  Abstract ( )   PDF (582KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The current work was intended to explore the situations and causes of adolescent boredom symptom in Chinese schools. 613 students from 7 high schools in Zhejiang Province were involved and a questionnaire developed by the authors was used. The main findings are as follows:(1)there is a higher ratio of boredom symptom among the population of the adolescents;(2)the total mean score of the boy students is significantly higher than that of the girl students;(3)the total mean score of the urban students is significantly higher than that of the rural students;(4)the students from the families with only one child have not significantly differences from those from the families with more than one child;(5)there are no significant differences among the 6 grades in general.

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Within- and Between-Language Repetition Priming Effect of Picture naming in Chinese-English Bilinguals Zhang Kuo, Wang Jingxin 2005, 3(1):  30-34.  Abstract ( )   PDF (497KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, the picture naming paradigm was used to investigate the repetition priming effect of the Chinese-English coordinate bilinguals language processing. The results suggest that naming picture in the same language (within-language) gained more repetition priming effect than in the different language (between-language). What's more, the results also revealed an asymmetry in the between-language repetition, namely the repetition from Chinese to English is larger than vice versa, which is consistent with the Distributed Lexical/Conceptual Model of bilingual language representation.

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THE ROLE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AWARNENESS IN CHINESE CHILDREN READING Wu Sina,Shu Hua,Liu Yanru 2005, 3(1):  35-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (393KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In the current work, the authors examined the role of phonological awareness, morphological awareness and naming speed in Chinese children reading. We found that morphological awareness and naming speed made significant contribution to Chinese character naming and morphological awareness and phonological awareness to homophone identification. Specially, morphological awareness was a unique variable in significantly predicting both reading tasks. By analysing the deficits which Chinese dyslexia own, we found 76% of whole dyslexia have morphological deficit, but only 43% and 41% had phonological deficit and naming speed deficit respectively. The results suggested that morphological awareness played an important role in Chinese children reading and morphological deficit may be the main reason for Chinese dyslexia.

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A REVIEW ON RESEARCH OF PARENT-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION Yang Xiaoli,Zou Hong 2005, 3(1):  39-43.  Abstract ( )   PDF (553KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Parent-adolescent communication has become one of the key aspects in the field of parent-adolescent relationship in recent years. There have been numerous findings in abroad. This article is a review of theories, influential factors and measurement of parent-adolescent communication, and its relation to adolescent social adjustment is also summarized. At last, we also propose some new research directions based on foreign studies, which aim to give new ideas for Chinese researchers in the future.

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THE COGNITIVE PROCESS IN TOWER OF HANOI SOLVING AND ITS FEATURE Zhang Xiaojiang,Liu Chang 2005, 3(1):  44-48.  Abstract ( )   PDF (464KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this current work, 267 undergraduates recruited to investigate the cognitive processes of Tower of Hanoi(TOH)solving and its feature. The results indicated that planning time in the first move of TOH in efficient performers is longer than that of in unefficient performers, while the mean planning time of TOH in efficient performers is shorter than that of in unefficient performers. Moreover, some key moves(i.e., the first, the fifth, and the ninth moves in TOH with four disks)are important to TOH solving because most of errors occurred in these key moves in unefficient performers. Stepwise regression analyses observed that random number generation, selected attention and spatial short-term memory tasks were significantly related to TOH performance, suggesting that the cognitive process of TOH solving is related to planning-inhibition ability and spatial short-term memory.

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THE EYE MOVEMENTS ON EFFECT OF SCIENTIFIC POPULAR MAGAZINE′S CATALOGUE LAYOUT Wang Xueyan,Bai Xuejun,Liang Fucheng 2005, 3(1):  49-52.  Abstract ( )   PDF (376KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The ASL Model 504 eye tracker was used to investigate the eye movements of college students while they were reading the catalogue page of the scientific popular magazine. The design is 2(picture color: color/black and white)×2(picture caption: with/without)×2(word color: black/blue). The results showed that:(1)The main effects of fixation duration and fixation times of picture color were significant.(2)The main effects of fixation duration and fixation times of picture caption were also significant.

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MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS′ COPING STRATEGIES OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT Wang Qin,Chen Shiping 2005, 3(1):  53-56.  Abstract ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In this study, the relationship was investigated among middle school students′ strategies of interpersonal conflict resolutions, personality traits and parenting styles. The preferred strategies of interpersonal conflict resolutions were measured by inventory revised from SCRM. The results are as follows:(1)the strategies of interpersonal conflict resolution were different in sex and grade;(2)the student with different personality traits tended to use different strategies;(3)parenting styles had effects on students′ strategies of interpersonal conflict resolution.

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THE NEURAL MECHANISMS OF PERCEPTUAL PRIMING Ji Feng,Liang Baoyong 2005, 3(1):  57-60.  Abstract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics Studies on the neural mechanisms of perceptual priming and conceptual priming are the two important ways in the domain of the neural mechanisms of implicit memory. In this study the authors introduced one of the two ways: the domestic and international studies on the neural mechanisms of perceptual priming. In addition, the existent problem and the research direction were also pointed out.

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A REVIEW OF THE EYE MOVEMENTS STUDIES IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING Feng Hong,Yin Guo'en 2005, 3(1):  61-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (404KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics This paper systematically reviewed the eye movements studies in mathematical problem solving in the history. There were three periods in eye movements studies of mathematical problem solving: the first period-eye movements study in doing arithmetic calculation, the second period-eye movements study in word problem solving, the third period-eye movements study during problem solving in geometry. In China, the eye movements studies in mathematical problem solving were rare. Strengthening the study in this field could improve the research in mathematical problem representation. It was of great importance to the learning and instruction in mathematics.

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A REVIEW OF THE NEURAL MECHANISM OF FUNCTION AND CONTENT WORDS Guo Taomei,Peng Danling 2005, 3(1):  65-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (443KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics An important issue in the cognitive psychology is whether the linguistic distinction between content and function words are reflected by the correlate neural involved in processing these two vocabulary classes. The recent literature about the neural mechanism of function and content words was summarized in this article. The main conclusions are: the processing mechanism of function and words may be different, which is indexed by different ERP components they elicited; the processing of content words may involve two brain hemispheres, while that of function words may mainly involve left hemisphere.

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REVIEW OF PREDICTORS OF SEEKING PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP Hao Zhihong,Liang Baoyong,Shao Xiuqiao 2005, 3(1):  70-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (602KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics In daily life, some people have difficulty in solving the mental problems themselves, but they may not seek professional psychological help, then the problems become more serious. This fact has already drawn many scholars′s interest both at home and abroad. Started with the analysis of the psychological characteristic of person who seek help, as well as the cross-cultural research, the researchers probed into three predictors to seek professional psychological help by using various ways of questionnaire and interview: personality traits, social culture and the factor related to consultant. The author has summed up the research results about this subject and provided the valuable material for mental health education.

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A NEW VIEW ABOUT THE RELATION BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND CHILDREN′S THEORY-OF-MIND Cui Yun,Li Hong 2005, 3(1):  76-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (480KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics The relation between language and theory of mind(ToM)has been a long-term topic in child research domain. Plenty of experiment results have revealed that there is surely a link between language and ToM, but what makes it has still been left unknown. This paper introduced a new idea about the link that measures of ToM was recast as measures of cognitive flexibility to examine the roles of language in the development of ToM. This paper provided experimental evidence for a causal effect of labeling on cognitive flexibility and predicted possible results caused by labeling in ToM tasks.